The Optical Magic Lantern Journal (December 1895)

THE OPTICAL

MAGIC LANTERN

— JOURNAL -——

PHOTOGRAPHIC ENLARGER.

A Magazine of Popular Science for the Lecture-room and
Edited byJ. HAY TAYLOR. tlie Domestic Circle. lea i
~“Vol.6.—No. 79. ~=DE
THE MAGIC LANTERN: ITS CONSTRUCTION 2 USE. Oontains complete Instructions. Cloth sea PRICEG
Fach Magic Lantern i3 effivient for exhibitione. Tho Lens givee crisp definition, being a superior Achromatic Photographic Combination with rack

and pinion. It is fitted to a trlesenpic lengthening tube, so gaining increased focal accommodation. The Oondenser is composed of two plano-con ver
lenses of 4 inches diameter. ‘Tue refulgent lamp has 3 wicks (or 4 wicks 2s. extra), yielding a brillimtly illuminated picture.—Each is complete in box.

LANTERN PHOTOS,
a. 1/-: Coloured, 1/6

UTD |REASONABLE PRICES | Qed

LIMES
In Airv-tight Cases,

i 2 ee ee ee ee ee cel

~ DECEMBER, 1895, Double No., Price 24., Post free 34d

“TTT WAT Uw 0 te

Perforated Ruasian Mahogany outside Body,! 3eat Mahogany Body,

y | .- aes ‘tae fo
Japanned Moatal Body. | Sgr rend SOFT .. Per doz., 1/- Iron Boiy, 2 Panelled Doors, Meta] | Brass Stage and 3-draw
: HARD.. ‘3 1/6 | Brass Sliding Tubes. Stages, Sliding Tubes. Telescopic Tubes,

“OPTIMUS” 100 CANDLE-rowr LAMP ro: PROJECTION LANTERN, “SF 25s.
“OPTIMUS” cise. SAFETY SATURATOR. &% S2USit sien natsamnarion TOs,

PERKEN, SON & RAYMENT, ‘."co':" LONDON. ‘OPTIMUS.’

LEONARD CHAPMAN & Co,

——_- ENGINEERS,

Sheffield Street, London, w.c.

(LI NCOLN’S INN.)

rT

hoses

VT es VC aw

Patentees of and Contractors for the erection of Plant for extracting OXYGEN from the atmosphere
Makers of Improved High-Pressure COMPRESSORS for Oxygen, Hydrogen, Carbonic Acid, Ammonia, &c.

» | Solid Drawn Seamless Steel GAS CYLINDERS of guaranteed Carbon eee
and ductility. All Cylinders tested, stamped, and numbered by GOVERNMENT
INSPECTOR, whose CERTIFICATE accompanies each.

Sole Makers of CHAPMAN’S Improved Indestructible VALVES of “Bull Nose” and other patterns.

Telegrams—*‘ SCENES, LONDON.»

DOUBLE NUMBER 2d., Post free 32d.

EDWARDS’ LANTERN PLATES 1/- PER DOZ.

; The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

——,

“PRIMUS”
GAS LANTERN.

(Reg. No. 262,061).

For use with Ordinary
House Gas.

Most

Convenient, “ PRIMUS”
Compact: LANTERN
Complete STAND-
Lantern (Patent applied

EBExtant.: . for), With tilt-
ing top,
suitable for
all
Lanterns’
258.

com-
plete.

Price, complete
‘in case, with gas
fittings, and every-
thing necessary,
£6 6s.

Description. —The body is substantially made of Russian
Iron and Brass, niccly finished, front portion is extended by
means of a bellows and a travelling base-board. The base
and fronts are made of polished mahogany. Neat 4-in. plano-
convex condenser. Massive double pinion, double coinbination
achromatic Jens, fitted with the incandescent gas burner,
with mica chimney; three mantles are supplied with each
lantern. The whole is packed in a neat stained and varnished
case, with drawer for sundries, and with leather strap carrying
handle, forming a very compact outht.

‘* PRIMUS” SINGLE LIMES. (In Glass).

Absolutely air-tight.
Keep any length of time.
Certainty of a perfect
lime. Open only one at
atime, Not affected by
any climate. tach lime

is thoroughly clean.

“PRIMUS” = CHAL-
LENGE LIMES. Soft
(6limes). Price ts. 6d.

“PRIMUS” CHAL-
L°NGE LIMES. Hard
(6 limes). Price 2s.

“PRIMUS” NOT-
TINGHGM LIMES,
Hard (6 limes).
2s. 6d. Post free, 3d.
extra,

Price ;

WASHABLE ROLLER
LANTERN

SCREEN

uit Lbigdialilsiliad i
Complete, and ready for hanging in the
drawing-room or anywhere else.

Price complete—Screen with Cord Pulleys
and Cover, 4x4 ft., 208.; 8x8 ft, 35s.;
a 12x 12 ft., 60s.
‘““PRIMUS ”’ LIMELIGHT
PROJECTOR.
(Patent Applied for.)

>

f ii ! m

This Projector can be fixed in almost any
position, and is adaptable to every require-

ment. Supplied complete in neat carrying
case, with six tinters, by which almost any
shade may be obtained. By means of this
Projector the light may be instantly thrown
into any position, and the colours changed
with the greatest ease. Price &2 108.
complete.

‘* PRIMUS " UNBREAKABLE
LIMELIGHT TINTERS.

For Tableaux,
Theatricals, {llu-
minat ons, etc.

Powerful Colours.
Very Transparent

Sy means of thesc
3 primary colours
aunost any tint
inay be obtained,
a:log two or more
in combination.

Mounte? in Meta)
Frames. Price
58. the Set of Six.

| packed in box.

‘““PRIMUS” LANTERN JET.

(Registered No. 248,155).

For supporting Incandescent Gas Light
in Optical and Enlarging Lanterns.

Price 58. each. Post Free, 5s. 3d.

«© PRIMUS”
GAS FITTING OUTFIT.

arene

the Set, with a Pair oi

2s. 6d.

i'*PRIMUS" Lime Tongs and Borer,

Post free, 28.9d. Mounicd on card and

. _This Set snould be found
in every Limelightist’s outfit, being most
used jn making gas Connections

iT) PRiMUS ”
TINTERS.

To fit the Floods of Lenses
On orwinary Lanterns.

Very Transparent.

_ Price 18. per Set of Five,
in Cases, post free, 18. 2d.

| These are made in limp Baize,
S with stiff card ends forming
protection. Price 18. each,
Condenser or Regulator.

either for

CYLINDER
BOX.

Forms a
Case when Travelling
Stand when using.

Handle when
Carrying.

PRICES for CYLINDERS

Each.
1oorim2ft... .. 5S.
20 ft. .. 78.
4o ft. . 108

Padlock, 16. extra.

W. BUTCHER & SON, Blackheath, LONDON, S.E.

(LANTERN LIST READY.)

Or of ALL DEALERS.

(SPECIALITY LIST READY.)

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. iii.
ARCHER’S LANTERN NOVELTIES

NEW OPAQUE LANTERN SCREENS.

FTER a series of experiments, Messrs. ARCHER have succeeded in making the MOST PERFECT LANTERN

SCREEN known; one in which none of the Light is lost.
Photographic Society, after they had seen and tried al] other makes.
“The Lantern Committee, in their wisdom, provided for us a

“The Photographic Record,’ January, 1895:

Screen which did justice to the pictures reflected from its surface.

We recently supplied one to the Manchester
Their report is as follows :—

For some time past the Council have

endeavoured to obtain a Screen which would satisfy the necessary conditions, viz. :—Perfect Opacity, a White,

Even Surface, and Good Hanging.
ARCHER, of Liverpool, on whom it reflects credit.”

These qualities are embodied in the Screen purchased from Mesars.

Very few have any idea vf the enormous luss of light there is with the ordinary Calico or Linen Screens.
Prices of the INE: WW Screen, complete with Roller, Baton, Cords, and Pulleys :—6ft., 18/6 ; 7ft., 22/-;

Bft., 25/-; Yft., 29/6; 10ft., 36/6; 12ft., 4G/-;

14{t., 54/6; 15ft., 62/6: 16ft., 73/—; 18ft., 89/-; 2Oft., 110/-.

Our ORDINARY OPAQUE SCREENS, 6d. per foot less, é.e., 12ft., 40/-.

ARCHER & SONS,

LANTERN SPECIALISTS
and MANUFACTURERS,

43 to 49, Lord Street, LIVERPOOL. (Estd. 1848.)

GENERAL WANTS, &c.

First twenty words, 6d.; every three extra words, 7d.
Trade Advertisements in this column, 88. per } -inch.

PRACTICAL Lanternist of 20 years’ experience is
open to engagements, with or without his own
apparatus, in town or country, on very modcrate terms.
Reference, Editor of this Journal.—Address, Optics, 13,
York-street, Walworth, London. ‘'.E.
VHts Advertiser is open to Mugayements as Lan-
ternist, for tour or otherwise; over twenty years’
practical experience; own apparatus.—Address }. H.,
15. Triangle, Bournemouth.
A* experienced Lanternist desires cugagemeuts for
London and suburbs, with or without his own
apparatus; terms moderate.—LI. G., 117, Clapham-road,
London, S.W.

for £36 10s. Wrench's treble rack telescope triple ;
bargains. Also Grand Effects. Juecturer's candle
reading lamp, 3s. 3d.; the ‘‘ Universal '’ 4. wick lantern,
4 in. condenscrs, £1 2s. Gd.; 12 34 coloured, la. Gd. a
box, slipping slides, 6d. ; 30 scts of life-modcl aubjects,
beautifully coloured, ls. 3d. cach; 50 scts of colourcd
photos; tales, 1s. each. All good valuc; lists frec.—
W.C. Hughes, Brewster Housc, Mortimcr-road, Kings-
land, London, N.

several complote sets colourcd slides 3+ x 3}, 2s.
per set, postage 44d.—Johnson, Maltkilu-yard, lother-

ham.

Bp. 20 feet Cylinder, tested 1895; Duplex Kegu-
lator ; Chadwick’s Gauge ; cost over £5, take 50s. ;

exchange Stocks’ lamp, new bag, saturator, etc.—

Macdona, Acton, Suffolk.

YVANTED, Single Lantern, with Stocks’ Patent
Lamp (latest) ; exchange clarioncttc (c), up to

Special Ether Jet, having patent mechanical
arrangement for centering; price 30s., or exchange for
coloured photo slides.—Lantern, 7, Clarence-tcrrace, St.
Leonards-on-Sca.

XN LIDKS prepared from negatives in the best possible
manner, 6s. per doz; customers own slides coloured
(artistic and effective), from 4s. Gd. perdoz.—T. T. Wing,
Chatteris, Cambs.
N*3 Photographic Slides including Temperance,

Biblical, Historical, Comic, Hymns, etc., etc.
Beautifully coloured chromo-litho slides, 4s. set of 12;
complete with reading, lists free.—T. T. Wing, Chatteris,
Cambs.

| less than one-fourth cost;

i lees for tracing lantern slides in pen and ink, 44d.
per dozen, 1s. 3 dozen ; coloured films same price.
—Photo’, 11, Bothwell-street, Glasgow.

AAJESIMINSTER abbey.—A splendid set of 80
lantern slides ; 8d. each, or 40s. the set.—John
Stabb, 154, Queen's-road, Bayswater.

ANTERN Slides.—Animals at the Zoo, a first-rate
set of 80, 6d. each or 40s. the set; 100 London
Views, 50 the Thames, 30 Ilfracombe, Lynton and
Clovelly, 30 Brighton and Worthing, 40 Tower of London,
30 Hastings, Eastbourne and Tunbridge Wells; all at
6s. per doz2n; Tower Bridge, 4 for 3s.; Great Wheel at
Earl's Court, 2 for 1s. 6d.—John Stabb, 154, Queen’s-
road, Bayswater.

Nea Thames (Greenwich to Rich-
i mond), 30 }-plate negatives, suitable for making
lantern slides, price 183.—John Stabb, 154, Queen's-
road, Bayswater.
WW Fave te two bulls’ eye condensers for limelight,
not less than 8 inches, no rubbish, on approval.—
hi. Firth, Mossley, Manchester.
AX exceptional opportunity.— Magnificent set of
slides, illustrating the story of '' Robinson Crusoe,”
cost over £20. The designs, which are of a humorous
chacactcr, have been beautifully painted by one of the
principal artists to the late Polytechnic, and the set,
which numbers 34 slides, includes two panoramas, with
mechauical motions, and 15 mechanical and other
cffects, all mounted in mahogany frames. With this set
will be given a copy of the manuscript portions in verse,
used by the late Mr. George Buckland at the Polytechnic ;
cost present owncr 5 guineas; the whole complete
for £9; a bargain; also following beautifully painted
photographs ; no commercial ; sacrifice to revise lectures ;
4 Morocco, 43s.; 3 Belgium, 33s. Gd.; 3 Miscellaneous, 3s. ;
9 British Isles (very fine), 103.; 17 Astronomical Photo-
graphs (plain), mostly by Browning, used by Professor
Pepper in Australia and America, really scientific, 16s.,
seen at office of this Journal.
pe) of a most vivid ightning flash, (flattering
press testimonials); plain slido, 1s.6d.—T. T. Wing,
Chatteris, Cambs.

to Photography,” 56 pages.—Send one stamp for

postage to Tylar, High-street, Aston, Birmingham.

A 7ANTED, Stock’s Best Oil Lamp.—Beaumont, 69
_Albert-road, Peckham, S.E.
\ TANTED, 20 tt. Cylinder (must stand Brin's test) ;
and 6, 7 or 8 in. condensers ; second hand ; good ;
cheap.—E. Baker, 102, Green-street, Victoria Park, E.

Continued on page xviii.

Professtonal Mark. Ia answer to many inquirite, please note address

c~ WY. R. HILLEL & SON,

6 igy OPTICAL SCENIC ARTISTS 10 the Roya! Polytechnic

Institution since 1840 (by special appointment).
Also the London and Provincial Theatres, Colleges and Tacitntes, etc,
ORIGINALLY CHILDE & Hic,

Sole Inventors of Oissolving Views & Effects & Chromatrope,
Introducers of the Lime-light on to the Stage (Drury Lane 1855).
Speciality wm first-class photo colouring with original and
strtking sky effects.

New EFrrectTs we order only).—New Carol Singers, with realistic
and marvellous effects, change to Christmas morning (s10wing), stage
coach arrives with guests; the welcome. The Walts, and other
scenes to illustrate Christmas in ye olden times. The Old and New
Year. Song, Nazareth, illustrated, &c. All our old sets to be obtained.

ROYAL POLYTECHNIC (Lonbon, June, 1878).

“ The final illustration represents the parachute shell, which, being
fired from a mortar at night, bursts in the air and effectually lights
up the country. This eHect, which is by Mr. W. R. Hitt, and
beautifully rendered, brings a most instructive lecture to a close.”

; . —Morning Advertiser.

“(The audience is startled by the wonderful effect of the parachute
shell...... such as the original...... a clever imitation,"—Times.

13. Beversbrook Rd.. Tufnell Park, London, N.

New Model

projection.

Focus.

“TROTTER”

Limelight set with Screw Adjustment for

Centering. Prisn for erecting; also for vertical

Triple Condenser, 4} ia. diameter.

Double Combination Front Lans, 8 in. equiv.

Special Cut-off Tap.

Lantern to be instantly turoed nearly out or
full-on with one movem 3nt.

The Cheapest and best Educational Lvatern in
the Market, £7 Ss.

HISTORICAL AND BIBLICAL LANTERN SLIDES.
Send for Catalogue of New Sets this Season.
Illustrating :—Britiah History, 360 slides, Life of Robert Burns,
100; Scottish Covenanters, 100; Sir Walter Scott, 72; Tem-

perance Hymna, 60.

SCRIPTURE SUBJECTS.—Old Testament (720 slides, all
different); New Testament (720 slides. all different); separate
smaller seta of Abraham, Joseph, David, Peter, Paul, Miracles,
Parables, Lost Sheep, Brazen Serpent, Good Samaritan, eto., etc.

“Very complete. Of value to schools, Bible classes, etc."’—
Photographic Tymes.

‘Much the most comprehensive of any serics of pictures yet
a a ed

“Nothing could excel or equal them.”-—The Christian Union,

DESIGNS PREPARED. SLIOES MADE TO ORDER.
STEVEN BROS., 33, Osborne Street, CITY, GLASGOW.

LANTERN SLIDE COLOURIST,
A. E. GRINSTED,
34, Dalmeney Road, Tufnell Park, London, N.

Educational Lantern.

allowing

main can be used.

Read the following report (Optical Magic Lantern Journal,
November, 1894) onthe Cand‘e-power of various Jets, by Bir. W.

J. Coles, A.M.1.C.E :—
Ordinary blow-through Jet, soft lime ..
Wood's special blow-through Jet
Ordinary mixed Jet, hard lime.. a

475,
475,

Price of Jet, best workmanship and finish, &1 118. 6d.

Single Lim2s (eased in Glass),
turned out of solid Limestone; in Boxes of six Limes, 2S. 3d. per Box.

British History Slides and Map Slidas ;
and Postage, Is. each.

WOOD'S “SPECIAL JET”

safe, brilliant light, equal to mixed jet and
hard lime; gas at ordinary pressure from the

260 candle-power.

Hermetically Sealed ; Best Nottingham Limes

over 500 subjects; 9s. per doz. Sample Slide

Lists Free. Liberal Trade Terms.

GLASGOW.

Send for Wood's Catalogue of Lanterne and Slides on Sale or Hire, post free, three stamps.

E. G WOOD, 74, Cheapside,

LONDON.

THE OPTICAL

MAGIC LANTERN

—- JOURNAL

PHOTOGRAPHIC ENLARGER.

EDITED BY J. HAY TAYLOR.

Vol. 6.—No. 79. [seationers Fran]

DEC., 1895.

_ Double No., Price 2d.

CONTENTS.

PAGE
Notes.. .. se: ae ao. e198
Coalwscence of Similar Tmages by the Stereoscope te ee we oe 199
A Lantern Lecture by ee aia is: a at we ee Joes BOO
The Phantarmagoria, No. 2 . i eer “oa ee war ee: ea. ee 200
A Four Shilling Saturator .. be he 86. Wa ee! @a) aa, eo 208
Colouring Lantern Slides, No Gig oe on oe. Gu: ane ae
A Handy Copying Stand .. .. 6. oe ee ee ee ee ee we 207
Reporta, ate. in Sings GH Gn. he, ACC bie GeeraeUe
The Lanterniat’a Den, XVIII. a ds es aw ae we 209
To Prenare Wet Lantern Slides for Colouring as . 212
How a Successf)] Lantern Lecturer came to “Commence Business in
New Zealand . ee ee we ue ae 212
Experiments for the Lantern—‘‘ Vortex Rings Me ae wt te we 2124
Topival Notes .. wh cal eae ter em es Se OR wel Be ce ell
The Lantern Socicty .. Ske Gt. wen ao tay se. oe ancl
What Canser the Hissing fwd: cc as ae ae: oh wa. ce ae Bil
Lantern Novelties of 19895 de Ge! de oe eo war da EO
On the Development of Lantern ‘Slides ee a ee ee I
Editorial Teble .. . be ty, we. ey hae tees Cee eee
Patent Intelligence ma ahh thes ar “ee aie; a “Se: Sle mee cepa ele
Correspondence... wk we ek ee ee ee ee ee we we DUN

NOLeR INA MCHC ass wiih, aap We. Soe. “Geer . Ghat ae ek ete Jan OOD

Notices.

Tue Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic
Enlarger is issued on the lst of every month, price One
Penny, and may be obtained from all Newsvendors,
Railway News Stalls, Photographic Dealers, or from
the Publishers, at the following rates, post free :—

United States,
12 months oo oe 2f- 4. 6. 60 cents.
Binglecopies .. .. -/2 .. .. 6 4,

Advertisements (Scale of Charges), displayed :—
£

8.

Front and back paves, by arranyvement.

Ordinary page (whole).. ss « & 0 6
. » (half) i LAs ©
re » (quarter) ae .- 1 0 0
i », (eighth) be -- 010 0
si , perlinchinoolumn.. 0 6 0
” ” ” 4 ” ” 0 3 0

Excuanoe Column, General Wants, &c. (not Trade) —
First 20 words, 6d.; and for every 3 additional
words, ld.

SMALL ADVERTISEMENTS must reach the office not
later than the first post on the 24th of each month. All
cheques and postal orders to be made payable to Taylor
Brothers.

EDITORIAL communications must be addressed, J.
Hay Taytor. Advertisements and business communi-

cations to Taylor Brothers, 66, Chanc Li
London, W.C. ceil

———

American Agents :—The International News Co., 83
and 85, Duane Street, New York City.

Tue melancholy news of the sudden death of
my father, J. Traill Taylor, has already been
announced in several papers, including the
British Journal of Photography, the editorial

J. TRAILL TAYLOR.
Died Nov. 8th, 1895.

Born Jan, 23rd, 1827.

chair of which he occupied for about a third
of a century. On October 5th his family and
a few friends saw him off at Waterloo
Station on an eight weeks’ trip to New York

198

and Florida to wish him an enjoyable holiday.
Three days after his arrival ut Florida he had
an attack of typhoid-dysentry, to which he
succumbed after ten days’ illness, on the morning
of the 8th ult,, two medical men being in attend-
ance. His remains lie interred at the cemetery
at Lane Park, Fla., U.S.A., about half-a-mile
from his orange grove. The great estimation
in which he was held as a scientist, writer, and

true friend by a very large circle of friends and |

workers in every part of the globe is univers-
ally known. Since the sad news was published,
I have received a great number of letters from
professional and other friends with condolences
to the family, and on behalf of my sister, my two

ment.
J. Hay Taytor.

Notes.

THE Moonlight Patent Lamp Company, of
Liverpool, are now making small pocket cans
for containing a supply of benzoline for use with
their vapour lamps, which have recently been
awarded a gold medal at the Belfast Industrial
Exhibition,

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

a a

SreErnc their slides were received so favourably
Jast season, Messrs. Elliman & Son, of Slough,
are again issuing a new set of coloured slides.
An idea of the general subjects will be seen from
the large illustration in their advertisement.
* * *

Honours have again fallen to Messrs. Newton
and Co., of Fleet Street; their lanterns have
been selected by the London School Board; and
they have been commissioned by the Colonial
Office to supply the sets of two lantern slides
(plain and coloured) of Her Majesty the Queen,
which have been presented to King Khama and
two other Buchuana Chiefs. They have also a

broth and myself I thank them for their | good set of 42 slides in readiness on Ashantee.
rothers an | e

kind expressions of sympathy in our bereave- |

oe sk 4
From an advertisement on another page, it will
be seen that Messrs. Bird & Son, of Bir-
mingham (of Bird’s Custard Powder fame), are
prepared to lend to lanternists willing to exhibit
them, a set of four slides, the paintings from
which they are reproduced being the property
of the firm,
* * *

SEVERAL instances of delays on the part of
railways have come under our notice lately. At
Lichfield a lantern lecture had to be given
pictureless, and in another instance, an operator
who had gone to adistant town, finding that the
time for the entertainment was draving close
at hand and that the gas had not arrived, set
upon a pilgrimage through the town to try and
hire gas-bags, retorts and chlorate of potash,
and after an hour succeeded in finding an
amateur who had recently had his two
cylinders filled. This, luckily, held the lecture
out all but the last two slides. From the
foregoing samples, the reader will see the
desirability of sending supplies of gas well
ahead, for on many occasions the gas is delivered
a day too late.
* * *

THosE desirous of getting a particularly good
and humorous set of Robinson Crusoe will do
well to look at an advertisement in this issue,
as it is not an everyday occurrence to be able to
get such an excellent set of hand-painted
slides,

* * aS
Tx Evening Continuation School at Doddington
have adopted the lantern in connection with
many of their subjects of instruction.

¥ x *
Mr. W. A. Dawsins, of Birmingham, has
formed his business into a Limited Company,

with a capital of £10,000 in £1 shares,

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. v.

ESTABLISHED DISCOUNTS YO THE TRADE. CATALOGU

1852. CC 55 POST FREE.

“OPTIMUS ” MACIG LANTERNS serteo rom DRAWING ROOM +x LECTURE HALL.

Limelight may be adapted without alteration at an extra cost of 16/-

Each Magic Lantern is efficient for exhibitions. The Lens gives crisp definition, being a superior Achromatic Photographic Combination
with rack anu pinion. It is fitted toa telescopic lengtheniny tube, so gaming increased focal accommodation. The Condenser 1s composed of
two plano-convex lenses of 4 ins. diameter. The refulgent lamp has 3 wicks, yielding a brilliantly illuminated picture. Each is complete in box.

lt
Students’ Lantern (to Mahogany outside
Japanned Meta! Body, | take demonstrating . Perforated Russian ody, Mahogany Body,
1/- tank) with Russian Iron Body, Iron Body, Two Panelled Doors, |-Brass Stage and 3-draw
Superior Metal Body, | Brass Sliding Tubes, Brass Sliding Tubes. Brass Sliding Tubes. Metal Stages and Telescopic Tubes.
30/- 45/- 55/- 60/- Sliding Tubes.

* OPTIMUS” BI-UNIAL LANTERN, umeticr.

LANTERN

PHOTOGRAPHS The Top Lantern may be used separately with Oll Lamp.
PLAIN, Seasoned Mahogany Body, Four Panelled Doors, Achromatic
1/6 each Photographic Front Lenses, 4-inch Compound Condensers,

COLOURED. Brass Stages, and Sliding Tubes”... - . £10 10 0

GAS CYLINDERS. “OPTIMUS” TRIPLE LANTERN. umecicnr.

Seasoncd Mahogany Body, Six Panclled Doors, ornamental

" REGULATORS. Base, Brass Stages and Tubes, Achromatic Photographic
” PRESSURE GAUGES. Front Lenses, 4-inch Compound Condensers ee es ..£17 10 0
GAS JETS.—Blow Through ; is a ie -. Af/- LIME CYLINDERS inair-tight cases of onedozen—SOFT 4/-
” Chamber oe oe eo oe we oe 16/6 ” ” " ” HARD 1/6
PA Interchangeable .. * a . 18/9 Hood and Tray for limelight 5 a ws sis - §/-
Gas Bags, Gas Cylinders.—At lowest market prices. CARRIER BLOCK ss ee oe i ae .. 1/6
MICROSCOPIC FRONT LENSES.—Withtwo Powers 186 és n Patent Self-elevating .. $3 .. 2/6
Screens and Stands.—See Catalogue. APHENCGESCOPES —For exhibiting Opaque Objects, Cartes-de-Visite, etc. .. 7/6

Magic Lantern Slides.— Mechanical—viz., Chromatropes, Levers, Comic Slipping Slides, Sets of Effects, Sets of Tales.

“OPTIMUS” VARYING FOCUS LANTERN OBJECTIVE,

Consists of Brass outer Jacket with Rack and Pinion into which a
series of Lenses of differing foci interchange.

Price of Brass Jacket with Rack and Pinion Adjustment . 15/-

‘i Portrait Combination Lenses to Slide into Jacket ..) 15
4 in. 6 in. 8 in. 10 in. focus. each y =

FREDERICK E. IVES, of Color Photography
‘ OPT| MUS ™ ahs fame, SAID ina recent address: “In my pst te
OXYGEN

the best of these inside-lantern Saturators yet
produced is that of Perken, Son and Rayment.
SAFETY SATURATOR. of Londun . . . It will not become unduly

d in the 1: he oth
FOR OPTICAL LANTERN ILLUMINATION. eat 4 je labletn, a9 seme: of Me Pine

might, and is a model of compactness and con-

‘ H venicnce. I think so much of it that I have
Complete with suitable Jet, 70s. ADOPTED IT FOR MY OWN USE.”

PERKEN, SON & RAYMENT, ‘isvoroostesv: LONDON,

TO OXYGEN CYLINOER

vi. © The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

BRIN'S

For Limelight, Medical, Metallurgical, and other purposes.

OXYGEN of Guaranteed Purity supplied in Cylinders of the Best BRITISH
Manufacture, and complying with all the established Tradeand Railway Regulations.

The public are respectfully informed that all Cylinders which are filled by the Brin

Companiss (whether their own or their Customers) are labelled with the Companies’ Trade Mark.
This label guarantees the purity of the Gas, and is a further guarantee that the Cylinder has
been tested and proved sound in every respect by the Brin Company which has filled it.
tomers who wish to procure Brin's OxyYGEN are requested to see that the Cylinders supplied
to them bear this label, which is also stamped with the date on which the Cylinder was filled.

The Works of the Brin Companizs are open during business hours to the inspection of
toeir Customers, who are at liberty to test the quality of Gas being manufactured, and to watch

their own Cylinders being tested and filled.

Cus-

Registered 1
Trade Mark.

Price Lists of Gases, Cylinders, and all Accessories, can be obtained from the Company's accredited Agents, or will
sent Post free ou application.

Addresses—

Works—69, Horseferry Road, WESTMINSTER, 8.W.

MANCHESTER OXYGEN COMPANY, Limited, Great Marlborough Street, MANCHESTER.
BIRMINGHAM OXYGEN COMPANY, Limited, Saltley Works, BIRMINGHAM.

Demy Svo, [ilustrated. 28. 64., post /ree.

= OPTICAL LANTERN, 3

For Instruction and Amusement,

% By ANDREW PRINGLE, F.R.M.S. %
HAMPTON & Co., 13, Cursitor Street, E.C. &

SWAG GAG OSA AG eG aS WCU SIN
Second-hand Brass Fronted Bi-unial Lantern

By J. H. STEWARD.
In Good Condition, 4 in. Condensers, Achromatic Front
Lenses of two foci, 2 Blow-through Jets, Universal Dis-
solver, in Case complete’; cost £20 ; only used one scason.
A Bargain £] Instruction in
at

use Free.
STEWARD, 406, Strand, LONDON.

J. H.

CARROLL & LYE,
Manufacturers and Publishers of all kinds of Optical Lantern Slides.
To lanternists and slide makers who wish to have their slides
coloured in the best transparent and effective manner should send
direct to Carroll & Lye. Slides coloured 6s., 12s. and 24s. per doz.
Slides made from negatives, prints, drawings, etc., 6s, per doz.
Trade supplied. Contracts taken on easy terms.—Address Carroll
& Lye, 13, Franklin-place, Whitefield-road, Everton, Liverpool.

Well known to be the

BEST CUT,
and every oneexact.

CLEANEST CUT,
Each mask will lie flat.
‘To be had in boxes, assorted,

or of / one
shape i — only,
Full patterns sent free by

Post on receipt of 1d.
144 Binders in each box.

No rough edges.
All perfect.

and black the other, or all

T= MATTHEWS’

Portable Optical Lantern.
£66s. ;

Through |
Ph or |
pecial WY
Oil Lamp, —
or

Burner.

The Patent Carrier designed for, and fitted to the
MATTHEWS' LANTERN is perfect in action, the
Slides pags through with great facility, the Screen being
momentarily obscured during the change.

May be had of all leading Opticians and Dealers.

SPECIAL.—The new adaptation of the!ncandescent
Gas Burner, affords brilliant I[|lumination of a moderate size
Disc without trouble or risk, and Is ready for use in a moment

If you cannot get tbem from
your dealer, send x . 14d.

terms to
dealers and
shippers.

box will be forwarded

PER BOX

post free, white one side

Addreas to the Bole
Preprietora,
WOOD BROG.,

73, Lord St., Liverpool.

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

Mr. Joun Prakce, the limelight operator
at Covent Garden Theatre, has been highly
commended by the Times in connection
with the recent explosion in the Strand.
On his way home he visited the scene of the
disaster. There he found that search was being
made for the unfortunate fireman Sprague, who
lay buried somewhere under the ruins. The
work was being conducted with the aid of
miserable lamps and torches, and Pearce, as a
professional ‘illuminator,’ was immediately
struck with the inadequate lighting arrange-
ments. With commendable enterprise he at
once sought out the superintendent, Captain
Fox, and obtained his permission to light up the
scene of the operations. To jump into a cab,
hasten back to Covent Garden, and to return
with his limelight box and two cylinders (one
containing hydrogen and the other oxygen)
was the work of little more than ten
minutes. A few moments later, from the second
floor of one of the half-wrecked houses, he
poured a brilliant flood of light upon the
workers, rendering most valuable assistance
to these gallant fellows. Pearce remained
at his post till after two o'clock in the
morning.
*¥ * *

Dr. Frank CioweEs finds that air is capable of
supporting respiration when the oxygen is 80
far exhausted as to fail to support a flame.
Candle and lamp flames are extinguished by
air containing about 16°5 per cent. of oxygen.
Coal gas flames by a mixture containing only
11:3 per cent. of oxygen. Air may be breathed
by a healthy person without harm until the
oxygen is reduced to 10 per cent., and when the
maximum amount of carbonic dioxide present is
considerably above 3 per cent.

—-:0:——

Coalescence of Similar Images
by the Stereoscope.

WHEN one undertakes to give a lecture before a
photographic society on the stereoscope the
presumption is that the lecturer, at least
understands the principles pertaining to such.

On two, if not three occasions, Mr. Radiant has |

discoursed upon the stereoscope, but according
to an article by him, which appeared in a
contemporary dated November Ist, he admits
that he has yet much to learn upon the subject.
He goes on to quote a portion of an article
from Answers, in which it was stated that if

199

two printings from the same type were placed
side by side in a stereoscope, they would appear
as one, whereas, if one were altered, the blend-
ing not being perfect, the alteration or erasare
would become apparent to the person viewing
them. In reply to this, Radiant says: ‘‘ Hav-
ing devoted a considerable part of a scanty
leisure tothe study of stereo-
scopic theory and practice,
I was beginning to imagine
that I knew something of
the subject, but the interest-
ing article in Answers con-
vinces me that I have yet
much to learn upon it. It
all amounts to this, if what
is said in the articleis correct,that the stereoscope
possesses the hitherto unsuspected power of blend-
ing or coalescing two absolutely similar images.”’

On the presumption that Radiant (who by
his own showing is not very well upin the
subject) wishes to learn, we would inform him
that the stereoscope does possess the power of
‘‘blending” or coalescing two absolutely similar
images, and a3 a means of assisting him to
ascertain this, would suggest his procuring the
cheapest form of stereoscope (seeing that he
has, as stated in his article, ‘‘run short of
flimsies ’’’), and if he will consult our advertising
columns, he will find particulars of a pocket
stereoscope only a little larger than the size
shown in the illustration. If he uses it accor-
ding to the issued instructions, with two similar
images or prints, he will at once see the error of
his remarks. The two
similar prints should
be placed at a B, and
the scope adjusted as
shown at the right eye,
whilst both eyes are
directed towards a; he
will then be enabled
to know what he evi-
dently did not know
before.

We may here say
that when an ordinary
stereoscopic slide is
placed as shown it
will of course be seen
stereoscopically, and
that if two halves of
a stereoscopic trans- |
parency be projected side by side on a screen,
and the pocket stereoscope used for inspecting
them, the view will also be seen in the same
manner.

200

A Lantern Lecture by
Electrophone.

A Lecture—the first of its kind—was delivered |

in London on the 11th ulto., in two places
simultaneously, the
Life " ; the slides being from the negatives of
Soper & Stedman, Limited, 147, Strand.

This lecture was one of a series by Messrs.
Nettleship & Rose, of Highbury Quadrant, N.,
and was given under strange conditions. The
lecture proper, if it may be so termed, took
place at the Highbury Quadrant Literary
Association, where a goodly audience was
assembled. About five miles from this place
there was also assembled a small audience at
the reception room of the Electrophone Com-
pany, Pelican House, Gerrard Street, Shaftes-
bury Avenue, W. As we had received an

invitation to the latter place, we repair thither, |

and soon got comfortably seated with about
twenty others inluxuriant arm chairs, and found
that Messrs. Airs, of ‘‘Bessus” fame,
rigged up one of their well-known lanterns, and
that Mr. Rose had a duplicate set of the slides
which were about to be shown at Highbury.

Presently, a bell rang, and we were directed
to hold an ornate piece of mechanism, con-
sisting of two receivers and a long handle, to
our ears—each chair was provided with
receivers—and we heard the chairman at
Highbury announce the lecture and introduce
the lecturer. Then, the first picture was pro-
jected on the screen, and the lecture began.
Every word was plainly heard, in fact, plainer
than had the lecturer been present instead of
five miles away; and in this manner Mr.
Nettleship gave us a graphic description of life
in a prison, including—
The Royal Omnibus—The Raw Material—Passing the
Doctor-—-The Photographer and the Barber—In the
Workshops —'‘ Prison-made Goods ” —_ Shoe-making—
Tailoring— Brush-making—Mat-making — Bag-making—
The Kitchen and Bakehouse—Exercise—The Letter
House—Punishments— Revolutions in Prison—The
Crank—The Treadmill—The Lash — Punishment in
Olden Times—'' Murderer’'s Walk"—‘'The Angel of
Mercy '"—The Doctor—The Chaplain—In the Infirmary
— Delicacies in Prison — Visitors — Prison Fare —
Insanity in Prison—Weighing the Bread—Christmas
in Prison—Women in Jail—Women's labour — The
Workrooms—The Laundry—The Punishment of Women
—-The Lash for Women ?—Baby's Parade—The Convict
at School—The Stone Quarries at Portland—Making
the Breakwater—Imprisonment for longer than life—
The effect of Prisons on Prisoners—Types of Prisoners—
Old Offenders—Married men in Prison—The Warders
and Matrons and their work, etc., etc. |

Mr. Rose, his colleague, stood at our end
beside the lantern with a species of scull cap

subject being ‘‘ Prison |

had |

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

with two receivers, and a wire connecting him
with the wall, he notified to Mr. Airs, who was.
at the lantern, the exact time to change the
slides.

We have no recollection of ever having been
at a lantern exhibition where everything ran
smoother. The photographers, Soper &Stedman,
had produced the slides of excellent quality ;
Mr. Nettleship spoke clearly and distinctly ;
the ‘“Bessus’”’ lantern was perfection; Mr.
Rose was prompt in action ; the lecture was of
a particularly interesting nature, and the
Electrophone Company had provided what was
in reality a drawing-room ; so that under these
combinations the audience had a treat such as
had never before been given,

After the lecture, the Electrophone Co., by a
series of switching on, put us in communication
with most of the theatres for a few minutes
each; so that, comfortably seated as we were,
we practically took a round of the theatres,
heard a song at one, instrumental music at
another, and so on, everything being heard as
distinctly as could have been at the theatre
itself.

We learn that arrangements have been made
by this Company whereby they have placed
receivers at the footlights of the various
theatres and halls, and that they are now
running wires to private houses; so that all one
has to do is to ring up the Company, say
‘connect me with so and go concert hall,” take
a comfortable seat beside one’s own fireside, and
enjoy a concert given many miles away, all with
the same clearness as though one were actually
present at the place. In this manner, one may
be even confined to bed, yet have the privilege
of enjoying good music or other entertainment.

—:0

The Phantasmagoria.t—ll.
By Epmunp H. WILKIE,
(Late Royal Polytechnic Institution).

Unrit comparatively lately the only means of
powerfully illuminating the Phantasmagoria
pictures and effects was the lime-light arrange-
ment, consisting of ‘‘ bags and boards,’ or gas-
holders, and the extreme length of tubing
required to connect the small lanterns with the
gas supply and at the same time allow the
operator to walk about the stage carrying the
lantern, was found to he such a serious impedi-
ment that powerful oil lamps were used instead
of limelight, and answered fairly well.

_ All rights reserved,

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

Kotire Revolution in the Manipulation of
MAGIC LANTERNS.

THE LATEST NOVELTY OF THE AGE.
INVALUABLE TO LECTURERS
FIFTY SLIDES CHANGED IN TWO MINUTES.

TROOPER CEC DOOR OO Ut COCR COCO Ooo

The “ LEVIATHAN”

Automatic and Science Lantern.
(ALLEN'S PATENT.)

-LEVIATHAN os >

ALUMINIUM substituted for Brass.

Price Complete - TWENTY GUINEAS.

Extra Drawers, complete in Cabinet, 218.

Full Particulars can be obtained from the
following appointed Aaents :—
LONDON: WALTER TYLER, 48,
And every High-class Lantern Dealer.
NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE: JOHN WATSON. 34;
Grainger Street.
GLASGOW : J. LIZARS, ror, Buchanan Street.
DUNDEE: A. BIRNIE, 4, South Lindsey Street.
EDINBURGH: HADDOW, 2, Maitland Street.
CARDIFF: S.W.ALLEN, Exchange Buildings, Bute Docks.
LIVERPOOL: ARCHER & SONS, 43, Lord Street.

Waterloo Road.

MANCHESTER: ARMSTRONG & BROTHER, 88,
Deansgate.

A. & B. FRANKS, 95. Deansgate.

ONWARD PUBLISHING COMPANY, 125, Portland

Street.
LEEDS: PEARSON & DENHAM, 5, New Station Street. |
BELFAST: J. LIZARS, 73, Victoria Street.
BLACKBURN: S. & J. MITCHELL, 40, Northgate. |
HANLEY: J. MOORE, ro, Tontine Street.

vii.

LATEST SEASON’S NOVELTIES.

hese can be obtained from every Dealer throughout
Great Britain.

UODTCTEDEDGORDDDDOLE DAUR EDLC Cun Rd TEODOR NGuad eden ens gua onre Dadian ee tsSUbN CUNT SE

1895 “ STAR” LIMELIGHT
JET. (Patent.)

ONncE TRIED,
ALWays USED.

Dissolving
an” bp Garrier.

The “ AROADIAN ” Extra Hard Limes.
The ‘LEVIATHAN” Lime Cartridges.

In Glass Tubes. ‘One Lecture, one Lima,”

The ‘LEVIATHAN ”’ INTERCHANGEABLE
CHROMATIC EFFECT SET.

LIFE: MODELS.
Temperance Alphabet .. sis

27 Slides.
Lost in the Snow 18 i
Dying Band of Hope

The Doce Shilling .

Girl

“ee see vee 16,
Jessica's First Prayer (Revised) .. 30 ‘i
Come Home, Mother ee oe 32 ‘i
COMICS.
Listen to my Tale of Woe __.. wa se 6 "
Sham Patient .. os ae Ss ‘ ae 8 vi
Last Joke .. : es ee se a - 6 oe
DESCRIPTIVE.
Kent Hop Gardens .._.. a os si 6 ‘i
Glimpse of Country Life P 16 o
History of the Locomotive .. és 24 ‘
Marvels of Modern Engineering .. 6

And numerous others.

| TO THE TRADE ONLY :—Our 1898/6 Magic Lan-

tern and Slide Catalogue (362 pages) freetoDealers,
on receipt of their Trade Card. Every Dealer
should have & copy.

To be had of all Opticians and Dealers throughout the Country. Wholesale only from :—

“ LEVIATHAN,”

LONDON.

vill. The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

ROBERT H. CLARK’S

“SPECIAL” LANTERN.

The ‘ Special" Lantern has a japanned body with dome shape top, spring
slide holder, japanned sliding tubes with brass O.G. It has a 4-in. plano-convex
compound condenser, and double combination achromatic front lens, with rack
and pinion adjustment. PRICE Complete in Travelling Case—

With 3 (2-in.) wick Lamp .. 21/- | With 4 (2-in.) wick Lamp .. .. 22/6

eee

ROBERT H. CLARK'S
NEW “STANDARD” LANTERN.
Complete in Travelling Case—
With 3 (2-in.) wick Lamp .. .. .. 24/-
, 4(2-in.) wick Lamp .. .. .. 26/-

TESTIMONIAL,
$35, Hartland Road, West Ham, Essex,
October 25th, 1893.
DrarR Mr, OLARK,—Am glad to inform you that the
“ Standard '’ Lantern sent me gave every aatisfaction,
both ae to brilliancy of picture and crisp definition, at
our lecture last Thursday evening to an audience of
clone upon 500. I cannot too highly extol the make and
finish of goods sent frum your establishment,
Faithfully yours,
JAMES A. SPARKES.

PRICE
ROBERT H. CLARK'S

21 / a NEW RUSSIAN IRON LANTERN

As supplied to the'' Silver Star” Society.
(Earl Oompton, President.)
Price 7Os. For fall description see Catalogue.
The following important Testimonial has been received from the Hon. Sec. to the ‘ Silver Star” Society :—
My Dear 91",—After having used your Lanterns at over 800 lectures in all parte of London and the Suburbs, and various country towns
and villages, it gives me much pleasure to say, that they have given us the greatest possible satisfaction. Yours faithfally, WaLTER 8, Ropatne.”

CHROMO-LITHO. SLIDESB. Each Set contalna 12 Slides (3} by 33) and Is packed in neat box.
Splendidly Coloured. Price 4/- per set. 3 sets for 11/9. 6 sets for 23/-. 12 sets for 45/-.

Life of Obrist, 2 Sete John Gilpin Bingen on the Rhine Lifeboat Heroes

Parable of the Prodigal Son Dick Whittington Precocious Piggies Utopia

The Pilgrim's Progress Mother Hubbard The Pilot's Story Puesy’s Road to Ruin

The Calculating Cobbler Pompey's Joys and Sorrows Jacky Marlingspike On the Brink: A Tale of Monte

Overland Route to India, 2 Sets Jackdaw of Rheims The Educated Oats Carlo

The Emigrant’s Voyage Robinson Orusoe, 2 Seta House that Jack Built Ohinese Life

The Arctic Expedition Jack and the Beanstalk Ali Baba Scenes from Pickwick, &0.

Continental Views Aladdin or the Wonderful Lamp, Panch and Judy Puss in Boots

Views of London, 2 Sets 2 Sets Poor Jeremi The Dwarf Longnose

Natural History, 2 Seta Sinbad the Sailor Ourfew must not ring to night The Caliph Stalk

Natural Phenomena, 2 Sets Cinderella, 2 Seta Bob the Fireman Little Muck : or The Wonderful

Fun's Kdition of the Poets Jack the Giant Killer Dogs and Monks of St. Bernard Shoes

Red Riding Hood Galliver’s Travels Life in the Arctic Region The Phantom Ship

Elephant’sa Revenge Life of Joseph Canadian Life Effect Slides, 3 Seta

Tiger and Tub Viewa of Palestine Old London and Onur Ancestors Settler’s Life amongat Indians

Swies Family Robinson Nellie’s Prayer Life on Board an Ocean Palace Adventures with Wild Beasts

Reuben Davidger Oash Three (Temperance) Life in the Soudan Discovery of America by Colum-

Mischievous Tommy Reynard the Fox Celebrated Places of the World bus

History of a Ohicken The Arctic Circle ; Pictares from the New Testa- How Siasie saved Her Father

Oomic Oharacters Western Pioneers and Indian ment (Temperance)

Paul and Virginia Warfare Romeo and Juliet The Village Blackamith

Pictures from the Old Testament Life in Africa Life with the Colours Beauty and the Beast

Blue Beard Santa Olaus Victoria Cross Heroes Children in the Wood

The Slaves of Drink Marley's Ghoat Jane Conquest

New Sets:—The Miracles of Christ. The Life of David. Views on the Nile. St. George and the Dragon.
A copy of the reading free with each set of Slides. Lecture Books containing readings for the Ohromo-Litho. Slides 1/-. Post Free 1/2.

Special Sets of 12 Chromo-Litho. Slides, Celebrated American Views, etc., price 3/- per set, or 4 sets 11s.; Miscellaneous
Subjects, price 2/6 per set, or four sets for 9/6; New Sets of 48 Slides, illustrating the Life of Frederick the
Great and the Emperor William I., price 11/- per set, or the two sets 20/-; Full size Changing Comic Slipping
Slides in mshogany frames, 6/6 per dozen; Lever Action Slides from 2/- each; Rackwork (including Chroma-
tropes) 2/6each ; Best quality Double Motion Interchangeable Chromatropes, price 4/3 ; extra Diecs from 6d. pair.
A SPLENDID COLLECTION OF PHOTOGRAPHIC SLIDES. Plain, 6d. Hand-painted, te.

This series includes— Bible Pictures, Temperance Stories, Humorous Sets, Scenery, Portraits, Statuary, Hymns, &c.

THE LARGEST VARIETY OF OHUROH SERVIOE SLIDES IN_THE COUNTRY.
Tihe New Antwerp Exhibition Set on Sale or Hire.
The New “Lightning” Double Carrier Frames, best quality, 1s.3d. Second quality, 1s. Poet Free 3d. extra.

Lecturer’s Reading Lamp with Flash Shutter, showing Red Light Signal, price 26.6¢d. Carriage pald.
BMALL MAGIC LANTERNS to burn Mineral (Paraffin) Oil, from is. SLIDES from &d. per doz.

Newand Enlarged Catalogue, with many reductions in price,gratis and post free, on application to

ROBERT H. CLARK, Wholesale Optician, Royston, HERTS.

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

To realise the different effects of which the
Phantasmagoria is capable, we need two move-
ments in the small or ‘‘ independent” lanterns.
One at least should be mounted on a stand
carrying boards, bags, and lantern, and running
on wheels to and from the screen, the other
small lanterns to any number may be either
carried under the arms by assistants, or slung
round the neck by straps, so that they may be
carried to and from the screen and directed to

201

unreliable and consequently unsatisfactory, so
have beeu abandoned.

In Mr. Childe’s original phantasmagoria the
whole of the operations took place behind the
screen, and in that case it was necessary to
raise the lantern containing the foundation
picture some distance above the level of the
stage, leaving room below for the assistants
with the smaller lanterns. In the earlier
attempts nothing was done to obviate the

RO lp LAS “
ty
eX) ARARKLR WON

y WN

WIN,

SS

. )
af
/
wy
hb y

eemsteeseee.
y

AY

CE pe

any portion of it as necessity demands. We
shall see the importance of this as we advance
further.

In France several forms of lanterns mounted
on wheels have been designed with movements
connecting the wheels with the focussing appara-
tus, in order that the lantern may automatically

im =

WAY

optical incongruity of the distant figures

' appearing brighter than those in the fore-

arrange its own focus as it advances or retires, |
. feet in height on the screen would gradually

but all these arrangements have been found

ground. In Nature all distant objects appear
obscured or diminished in brightness in propor-
tion to their distance from the observer, but in
the earlier phantasmagoria exhibitions this
state of things was reversed.

For instance, a figure appearing to be four

202,

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

retire and diminish to half its original size,
appearing to be further away from the observer,
but it would then be four times as bright owing
to the rays of light from the lantern being con-
centrated into so much smaller a space.

Pieces of crape were then introduced in front
of the objective to overcome this defect, remov-
ing them as the lantern was wheeled further
from the screen, but although this was an in-
provement it was clumsy in working.

By far the most perfect arrangement was
that used by Dr. Henry Morton, of the Franklin
Institute of Pennsylvania, U.8.A.* He ex-
hibited some Phantasmagoria effects in the
Opera House to an audience of nearly four
thousand persons, and his lanterns were so
arranged that the action of regulating the focus
asthe apparatus was wheeled to or from the
screen also put in action a diaphragm which by
closing or opening allowed the proper amount
of light to pass through. Before leaving the
subject of apparatus, a few words as to the
small lanterns used by Mr. Childe at the Poly-
technic may be interesting to those desirous of
fitting up some of these effects for their own
use.

The small or breast lanterns were the usual
old-fashioned shape, made of Japanned block
tin, the sources of light being solar fountain
colza oil lamps, which were kept in their places
by being hooked on to the inside of the lantern
body by means of a broad flat hook. When it
was necessary to shut the image off, a soft
woollen ball was inserted in the nozzle and
effectually cut off the light, the balls being con-
nected to the fronts of the lanterns by lengths
of thin chain, so that they were always to be
found in a moment when inthe dark. In these
days of triple lanterns some of the effects can
be realised in the ordinary way, but it will be
seen that the most important of them need
the advancing, receding and independent
motions.

Now let us review a few of the effects which
were considered the most beautiful and
impressive. In most optician’s catalogues will
be found a set of three slides, showing a vase of
flowers, first in bud, then in blossom, and
finally faded and dead, leaving only a single

rose still in bloom ; these need the most perfect

registration, and can be used in an ordinary
double lantern, but in the Phantasmagoria a
further effect was produced, A light coloured
butterfly was projected by means of one of the
small lanterns, and caused to hover round the
flowers as if undecided which to select, avd

* Dc, Henry Morton, ‘' Cascier's Mayazine,'' New York,

occasionally settling upon one for a moment
and then resuming its first movements.

This was not accomplished by a mechanical
butterfly, but by moving the whole lantern, as
it hung upon the body of the operator.
Presently another butterfly sailed in at the
other side, and went through the same motions,
and finally came the most natural effect of all,
and which never failed to elicit the warmest
approval.

Both the insects flew close together, and
gyrated round each other just as we see them
do on a fine summer day, and at last, separa-
ting, fluttered off the screen in different
directions. It will be seen at once that this
most beautiful effect could not be worked by
stationary lanterns.

A short space back I mentioned the name of
Dr. Morton. He threw a picture upon a screen
forty feet square, in which the spectators
appeared to be looking right up the centre of a
straight railway tunnel, in the extreme end of
which appeared the front view of a railway
engine and train, but very small, on account of
the distance. As they watched, the train
approached gradually nearer, growing larger
every moment, until at last it appeared as if
about to rush amongst the audience, when a
shrill whistle was heard. The whole tunnel
and train changed at once to a grotto under the
sea, 8trewn with seaweed and shells, and with
the sea nymph, whose abode it was supposed
to be, floating gracefully through the vrans-
parent waters.

In this case the picture representing the
tunnel was thrown on to the screen from a
lantern placed on a platform at the back of the
stage, the slide showing the engine being in the
lantern on wheels. This being brought close to
the screen, the train appeared small, and, con-
sequently, distant, but as the lantern was
wheeled further from the screen the effect
appeared to approach the observers until the
whistle sounded, when both slide and effect
were suddenly dissolved into the second pair,
showing the grotto and nymph.

A very simple dissolving effect needing no
special lanterns was called ‘‘ The Path of Glory
lyads but to the Grave,” and represented the
grave of Napoleon at St. Helena, over which
the shade of the Kmperor appeared. This

| effuct, [ may mention, was also painted as a

scenic effect for the late Polytechnic Institution,
where tke apparition of the Emperor was intro-
duced by means of the ghost illusion.

In Mr. Childe’s entertainment he had a
picture representing Britannia seated with her
arm resting on a gold frame, the lion crouching

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. ix.

Or,

COMPLETE LANTERN MANUAL.

BY AN EXPERT.

An Unique Work.

Over 100 Choice Engravings.

With full Instructions for the perfect manipulation of Triple and other Lanterns.
Replete with wrinkles never before published, which no Professional or Amateur should be without.

How to Choose—What to avoid- How to use Oil, Limelight, Electric Dissolving

Triple,

Microscopic, Polariscope, and Scientific Lanterns--Slide Making and Painting, Enlarging,
é&c.—System of Perfect Registration of Effects—Working of Cylinders, Gauges, Regulators,
&c., Saturators, Gas Making—Oxygen, Hydrogen.

Published at 4/6.

Price 3/6 Net; Bound in Cloth. Postage, 5d.

HXTRACTS.

B. J. MALDEN, Esq., says:—''I have read it carefully, and
most emphatically recommend it to all. The instructions for
registering Slides and effects most valuable, and the best I know. A
thoroughly practical work. Should be studied by the experienced
Operator and amateur alike.”

ENGLISH MECHANIC.—“In this work much information
will be found which has never been published before; the hints and
instructions will be found trustworthy and invaluable, and well
adapted to the wants of either amateur or professional lanternist.”

AMATEUR PHOTOGRAPHY.—"A book written by one well
acquainted with his subject. Should be in every lanternist's
library,” :

OPTICAL MAGIC LANTERN.—'This book is finely printed
and nicely bound, and should find a place in the library of all
interested in Jantern matters,”

PRACTICAL PHOTOGRAPHER,.—“ The book is thoroughly
up to date for practical working.”

NATURE.—“:A handy book by an expert. Lantern operators
will find in it many useful hints upon matters of manipulation,”

SCHOOLMASTER.—" It is evidently the work of a practical
tanternist, the many valuable hints and instructions scattered through
its two hundred pages, bearing the unmistakable impress of ‘ one
who knows,’”’

EXCHANGE AND MART.—“ The author is undoubtedly ‘an
expert’ in lantern work, and with a really valuable mass of
inturmation. Wecan hardly speak too high of the book, which is a
most valuable contribution to the literature of the lantern. It is
impossible in a reasonable space to give anything like a detailed
account of the contents, but there is not a point on ‘the art of
projection ' which the lanternist is likely torequire information about
that has not had attention.”

PHOTOGRAPH Y.—" The whole subject is very amply and ably
dealt with. The volume should be helpful to those who wish to be
successful in the use of the Jantern, and to be fully informed upon
the many ins and outs of the subject.”

PHOTO' NEWS.—"This is a severely practical work on
lantern manipulation. It is illustrated throughout ina very thorough
fashion, and the apparatus figured shows many improvements
recently introduced by Mr. Hughes.”

W. C. HUGHES, Brewster House, 82, Mortimer Rd., Kingsland, N.

R. R. BEARD, Manufacturer,

COMPRESSED GAS REGULATOR,
3Os.

Perfect for all Limelight

purposes. BELLOWS FRONT

LANTERNS, SINGLE, DOUBLE
or TRIPLE.

BEWARE OF SPURIOUS IMITATIONS.

CAUTION.

Owing to certain infringements of my Patent known as the Beard’s
Small Size Automatic Compressed Gas Regulator, do hereby caution
dealers and others against purchasing such advertised infringements,

x. The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

EASTTIAN’S
TRANSPARENT FILM

NEW _FORIIULA.

The Most Sensitive. Beautiful Gradation of Image.
The [ost Reliable. Develops Easily.
Developed just like a Dry Plate.

The Eastman Transparent Film made this summer is the finest ever offered. It is a
pleasure to read the letters about it that come from the users.

R. P. GRACE, Esq., writes: ‘In the last 500 exposures I have not had a defective film ; none of the
negatives have been touched.”’

E. R. KENNEDY, Esq., writes: ‘‘ I cannot repress an expression of satisfaction: this was the eighth
spool I have used since the ist of May; and of 300 exposures there is not one unsatisfactory.”

J. W. HARRISON, Esq., writes: “I am pleased to say that the last film I had from you has given
me the greatest satisfaction. It has produced most excellent results and uniform work.”

A. HOMER HAWKINS, Esq., writing about last season film, says: “] ere lary developed 30 photo-
graphs from the spool you sent me last summer, and am very well satisfied with the results. I
was afraid they would not turn out well, as they were in the Kodak some six months after the
period for which you guaranteed them.’

E A S T r A Photographic Materials Co. Ltd.,
115-117 Oxford Street, London, W.

A ROCHESTER, N.Y., U.S.A.,
PARIS : 4 Place Vendome. Eastman Kc4ak Co.

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

at her feet. In the centre of the frame por-
traits of distinguished persons, and any
celebrities who were attracting public attention
at the time, were shown, amongst others,
Wellington, Nelson, Jenny Lind, and a portrait
of the young Prince of Wales in midshipman’s
uniform.

‘The Oave of Despair'’ was represented by |

a dark cave scene, closed in on all sides by
rugged rocks, which were made to take the
form of weird faces. In the foreground the
body of a man, lying face downwards in the
abandonment of utter despair, was to be seen,
and from one of the movable lanterns the
demon of despair was thrown on. This figure

had large wings, which kept moving, and fierce |

rolling eyes. The demon was of large size, and
his wings reached almost across the picture.

grotesque heads, some with wings attached,
floated about in the air, and death’s heads also
lent a pleasing variety to the scene. All these
effects being made to advance and retire, as
well as to move horizontally and vertically,
could only be used on the Phantasmagoria
principle ; fixed lanterns alone would not have
been sufficient. |

A very pretty effect was known as the
‘‘Temple of Love,” with the temple, a garden,
and pool of water.
seen swimming about in the pool, while swans
floated on the surface, the effect of the
fish being especially ingenious, as some of them
darted forward, and, suddenly turning, re-
turned to their former position.

In the garden stood a target, having a heart |

in place of a bull’s eye, and, Cupid appearing
from behind a bush, fired an arrow which was
seen to pwrce the heart. The effect of Cupid
was produced by a mechanical slide now in the
possession of Mr. W.R. Hill, and which was
fully described, with working drawings, in the
OpticaL Magic Lantern Journan for August,
1893.

Gold and silver fish were |

|
'

t

203

shrouded figures. To the accompaniment of
tremolo chords of a weird character (which
continued all through the scene) the lid of the
sarcophagus on the centre monument com-
menced to rise, as if hinged at one side, and
from the interior the figure of a skeleton

| appeared, pushing up the lid with its bony arm.

At this point a solitary skeleton was seen at

' the far end of the pathway which led down

from the back to the front of the picture, and
commenced walking towards the audience.
This was the celebrated walking skeleton which
was explained, with diagrams, at page 123, vol.
iv., of the Optica, Macic LANTERN JouRNAL.

It was invented by Mr. W. BR. Hill, who per-

The most impressive Phantasmagoria effect '

ever produced was also first exhibited in Mr.
Childe’s entertainment, and bore no definite
name, but the main picture, which at the Poly-

presented a country church, with the church-
yard in the foreground, in the centre of which
stood a high monumental tomb surmounted by
a sarcophagus. It was moonlight, and the

sonally exhibited it at the late Polytechnic
Institution in 1849 (as shown in our sketch)

’

and as this fact is of importance to those
During the exhibition of this scene various |

interested in the past history of lantern work, I
communicated with Mr. Hill on the subject,
and he informs me that my facts are perfectly
correct. When these things were being
exhibited there appears to have been consider-
able friction between Mr. Childe and some of
the authorities at the Polytechnic, as the latter
gentlemen wished to remain behind the scenes

' during the performance, but, many of the

effects then being in the nature of secrets, Mr.
Childe always resolutely refused to commence
until the stage was cleared of all but his own
assistants. There are many very beautiful
and curious effects which have been produced

| from time to time which I have not space to

even iention now, but I trust that enough has
been said to create an interest in the minds of
those to whom many of these things are
strange. The Phantasmagoria can be easily
arranged at home, and a vast amount of amuse-
ment afforded with comparatively easy working.

70:

A Four Shilling Saturator.
By Rev. W. H. Youna, Ph.D.

_I wut briefly describe the saturator I am

using. Get 12 inches of 2 inch steam pipe,
technic was thrown on from the front lanterns, |

hands of the clock in the church tower pointed .

to the hour of midnight, which was sounded on
a deep toned gong. At the last stroke of
twelve the silvery moon turned blood colour,
and from the tombs arose skeletons and

threaded on both ends, and fit @ cap on each
end, so as to screw up tight against ends of
pipe. Two cocks or “taps” that will hold
rubber tubing must be screwed into holes drilled
in center of the ‘‘caps.” About 1 yard of
heavy canton flannel or swan’s down is cut an

_ inch or two wider than the saturator is long,

|

say 14 inches, laid on a table, and tightly rolled
into a cylinder. A small but stiff wire will
start this rolling process properly.

204

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

This cylinder should be about ,8; of an inch,
or four thicknesses of the cotton less in
diameter than the size of the piece of pipe, and
the outer edge should be stitehed so that it
does not unroll. Strips of the swan’s down must
be cut 2 of aninch wide and several yards long,
and two thicknesses of these should be stitched
in a machine, one over the other.

Take this double thick fan-edge-like strip,
fasten its end to one end of the cotton cylinder,
and then wrap it spirally, as shown in the cut,

Fx

our Shilding Sat ra7or,

and very tightly, leaving a space about } or 3
of an inch to form a spiral passage for gas;
stitch this helical strip so firmly that no gas can
pass beneath, but see that it follows the spiral
passage.

The inside of your steam pipe must now be
smoothed, by means of a big swab, with oil and
coarse emery or sand. Then draw the cotton
cylinder, as completed, carefully through, and
cut off the protruding ends with a keen blade.
Screw on the two caps with their cocks
attached, and your saturator is complete. It
may cost less than 4s. in England, because
everything is dearer here.

You need never have to open it again if you
employ the best gasoline, which is anhydrous;
but ether deposits water, which must be dried
out occasionally.

Pour gasoline, by means of funnel and rubber
tube, through the saturator until it runs very
freely from the other end. Then invert it until
it comes off only in slow drops. It will then be
charged for about four hours steady work.

_It is connected like all saturators by a T
piece, 80 that oxygen passes through it into the
hydrogen side of a mixed jet. Rest it hori-
zontally in any convenient place near the

lantern ; open both of its cocks, and regulate at
the jet.

For a single lantern the dimensions might
well be reduced. Mine is somewhat heavy
and unsightly, but its efficiency cannot be ex-
celled, while its cheapness suits all pockets.

Colouring Lantern Slides.—No. 2.

(Continued from page 187.)

The pale tints of intense colour, such as blue
and black, both magilp and mastic may be added.
The exact proportion will depend on the oiliness
of the colour, and can only be found out by
repeated trials of the mixture.

Half the battle will be won when the colour
is prepared in the condition best suited for
dabbing ; and if the varnish colours supplied by
the writer are used, it will only be necessary to
put a drop of the paint from the bottle on the
palette, touch the drop with the finger-tip, and
commence dabbing forthwith, without troubling
about any mediums, If very pale tints are
wanted, a little special varnish may be added ;
but this is rarely required.

Skies..—The colouring of skies in lantern slides
is, perhaps, the most difficult part of the work,
as it is necessary to use great care to avoid
spottiness and dust. Before comrnencing to
dab we may examine the surface of the photo-
graph to see if it be smooth and free from
scratches. In the case of a gelatine transpar-
ency the surface may be gently rubbed over
with a piece of linen moistened with methylated
spirit to remove any dust that may have
adhered to the gelatine during the drying; any
parts of the picture which seem too dark and
opaque may be reduced and lightened at the
same time by continuing the rubbing on those
places. When the gelatine surface is
perfectly smooth and even, we may apply the
varnish colour direct on the film; but if there
are soratches, a coat of spirit varnish may be
applied by flowing it over the warmed plate ;
this varnish causes the scratches to be nearly
invisible, whereas, if they were filled with paint
they would form unsightly blemishes. Some-
times it is necessary to scrape off the sky ofa
photograph on account of defects, which could
not well be disguised in the colouring. A
sharp penknife is useful for this work—it should
be applied with care on the horizon, or around
any objects, such as buildings, which may
project upon the sky. After the scraping the
glass should be spirit-varnished to cover up the
ridges left by the knife, and produce a surface
approximately flat. Spirit varnishes vary in
composition; some containing substances
soluble in turpentine, such as Canada balsam,
resin, and mastic; these are useless for slides,
as it would be very difficult to dab upon sucha
basis owing to it becoming soft and sticky.
There are good varnishes in the market com-

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger, 2 *1._

FOR

3 €)
hi Fe

| oe:
Ry
' \ aa

of

3

ie

fo?

_eONXKOs

Catalogues

2, ST. MARY'S ST.

MANCHESTER.

ADDRESS—

Pigs Narot Amateur Photographers. OPTICAL LANTERN LECTURES,
fe DARLIN N'S HANDBOOKS,
pa is ‘‘Gir Henry Ponsonby ts commanded by the By RALPH DARLINGTON, F.R.G.S.
Queen to thank Mr. Darlington for # copy of | My Travels in Egypt and Experiences on the Nile— 150 Slides.
ri i. a “Nothing better could be wished og ae rea Hany prec oe Torrey ene Als Minor— 100 bites
8, each. British Weekly. mi —80 Sli
“Far i tinal eH ordinary guides.”— London Daily Chronitele, Pompeii, Past and Prevavaes.. the Bay of Naples—80 nudes:
ustrated. Mapa by Joun Bartnoromeyw, F.R.GS. . : . a :
The Vale of Llangollen, Aberystwith, Towyn and Barmouth. The plctaresdye Italy : Past and Present- ay ov nena ee
Bons Malena Bournemouth & the New Forest. The Isle of rOspectises Gnd) Perms ler ere on ee .
ight. The Wye Valley. The Channel Islands. The Severn Valle
Llangollen: DARLINGTON & Co, London: W.J. Apams & Sons. : R. DARLINGTON, Greenheys, Llangollen, North Wales,

THE VANNECK HAND CAMERA

Is the best for Snap-Shot Work. Fitted with Rapid Rectilinear Lens

with Iris Diaphragm ; and with Finder, on which the full size of image

is shown, and can be exactly focussed, thus securing perfectly sharp
negatives.

LANTERN SLIDE Size (3} by 3}) fitted with Eastman Roll Holder,
carries 70 Exposures, price £9. Magazine for 12 Plates, extra #1 10s.

Aleo made }-Plate Size, for 12 Plates, £9 9s.; Ditto, for 24 Cut
Films, £10 7s.

WW. WATSON & SONS,

OPTICIANS TO H.M. GOVERNMENT,
313, HIGP HOLBORN, LONDON; W.C.

Ril.
THE LATEST AND MOST EFFICIENT

AUTOMATIC GAS REGULATOR

(Patent Applied For.)

The ‘Godwin’

Prico 21s.

Every Regulator
Guarantecd Accurate.

Sole Licencees & Agents:

RILEY Bros.

55 to 57, Godwin St.,
Bradford, and
16, Beekman Street,
New York.

These Regulators will be found to work quite as smoothly and
efficiently as any of the higher priced apparatus on thc Market; they
are inch more simple in construction, and less liable to get out of
order, than any we have yet seen. We have submitted them to the
severest tests, in comparison with the '' Beards,” “ Duplex,” and

others and find them to work equally as well whilst the pues is only
about two-thirds the cost of these. May be had through the whole-
sale houses and from all opticians.

The “CLIMAX” SATURATOR.

‘2088S SOHSHSHS

Most Complete and Effective Apparatus in

existence. All Registrations by UNIVERSAL
MOTIONS from behind the Lantern. Light
equal to the Mixed Jet. Mechanical Stand |
available for Mixed Jets.

Price and filuatrated Particulars Free. Trade Supplied.
IMPROVED DISSOLVING SATURATOR READY SHORTLY.

W. HOULDERSHAW,

LIVHRSEDGH, YORKSHIRE.

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

NEW TEMPERANCE SUIDES,

Illustrated Hymns.

Very superiov. Each slide contains a portion of the hymn, tn large
clear type, surrounded by an attractive tablet design and suitable
pictures.

Samson, the strongest man. 2 Slides.
O Thou whose chosen place of birth. 3 Slides.
Sad ia the drunkard's life, Wasting in crime. 4 Slides.
Friends of Temperance, welcome here. 2 Slides.
How can he leavethem? 4 Slider.
Look not upon the wine with itaruby glow. 3 Slides.
Softly the drunkard's wife breathes forth her prayer.
You're starting to-day on life's journey. 3 Silides.
Seek not the drink that brightly glows, 2 Slides.

Send for List of Lecturo Sets, Popular Cecitationy, and other Slides.
Also Lanterns and Slides on Hire in best quality at Jow prices.

2 Slides.

ly to the Trade Manager,

UNITED KINGDOM BAND OF HOPE UNION,

60, Old Bailey, London, E.C.

NOW READY.

A PicTORIALt & “LITERARY ZRECORD'

Of the BEST PHOVOGRAPHIC WORIC of the Year
Arranged by the Editors and Staff of ‘‘ THE PHOTOGRAM.”
Price 1s. nett, Post Free, 18. 6d.

In America and abroad, Post Frec, 2s. or 50 cents.

Published for “ THE PHOTOGRAM” Ltd.
LONDON: Dawparn & Warp, Ltv., FARRINGDON AVENUE, E.C.
————————

GAS CYLINDERS.

Made of the finest quality mild steel, very ductile,
and of enormous strength, and thus capable of
withstanding the severest usage. Constructed
to comply with all existing regulations of the
trade, and in accordance with the most modern
ideas. Each Cylinder sent out by us will have
satisfactorily passed all tests at present in force,
and is guaranteed to fulfil the Railway Companies’
requirements, and our friends may take it that
they cannot purchase better or more trustworthy
Cylinders.

ANNEALING.

Our Cylinders are also fully annealed, and are
stamped with a mark which will be recognised by
any Oxygen Company in the Kingdom, and so
ensure the Cylinder being at once filled, without
any further charge for annealing.

CYLINDER COVERS.

Lea's Patent Cylinder Covers of closely plaited
hemp comply with the Railway Companies’
regulations. They are the most effective and
durable, and consequently the cheapest covers for
the purpose. All covers made by us bear our name
and number; without this none are gonuine.

CAUTION.

The public are cautioned against purchasing
Cylinder Covers which may ke an infringement of
our Patent, as they thereby render themselves
liable to proceedings for infringement of our Patent.

sucarron. LEA & SON, Runcorn,

APPLICATION.

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

205

posed mainly of seedlac and sandarac dissolved
in spirits, which are suitable for slides.

Sometimes the sky of a photograph is not
exactly defective, but is simply too dark to
admit of a bright sky being painted upon it.
In such cases we may frequently obtain
excellent twilight and evening etfects by apply-
ing a little colour to the dark ground and
afterwards cutting out some high lights with
the penknife to represent the moon or stars,
while other lights may be scratched in the
windows of houses and tinted with gamboge and
rose madder.

Clouds.— We have previously described how a
plain blue sky is painted; the colour is applied
by dabbing, and made as even as possible,
allowing the colour to spread beyond the

boundaries of the sky space ; when the stippling |

is finished the surplus paint may be removed by
wiping it off with a stump, moistened with
turpentine or maglip. A few small cumulus

washleather stretched over a small chisel-pointed

stick. The upper edge of the clouds, and the |

side facing the supposed position of the sun,

should be well defined, while the lower portions |

may be softened into the sky tint by a little
dabbing. A purple grey tint—somewhat darker

than the sky—may be put in at the base of large |

cumulus clouds ; but in small white clouds it is
not usually required.

Cirrus clouds are light and fleecy, floating
high in the air in fine weather; they may be

represented by lightly touching the wet paint |

with a corner of the washleather, or with the | orizon under the sun, if not very distant.

tip of a dry brush, so as to remove the colour
in an irregular manner.

Stratus clouds lie in long streaks, usually
more or less parallel. When not horizontal they

sometimes appear in perspective, all the lines |

pointing towards one particular part of the
horizon, which is the point of sight ; the lowest
streaks being nearly horizontal, the upper ones
sloping the most. There are several kinds of
stratus clouds, such as cumulo-strato, cirro-
stratus, &c. They are painted in a manner
similar to the cumulus and cirrus clouds.

purple masses darker than the sky tint. There

in the clouds with water-colour previous to
dabbing in varnish colour; the other is to dab
the sky tint first, and then allow it to become
thoroughly hard and dry, afterwards putting in

give good results, but the latter is the best if
time be not an object.

Sunsets offer a wide field to the colourist, and
are frequently represented in lantern slides
owing to the brilliact effects obtainable with
them. The simplest evening effect is to put in

| a pale blue sky at the zenith, and a warm tint

—generally orange—at the horizon, the two
being blended together into a grey at the line
of junction by dabbing, the shadows of the fore-
ground being made of a purple tone.

When the atmosphere is hazy the setting sun
may be of a bright golden colour on a rich orange
sky, which becomes darker and colder as the
distance from the sun increases, until it becomes
merged into the blue or purple of the zenith.
The clouds over this sun would have brilliant
golden edges on the under side facing the sun,
while the upper portions would be dark grey or
purple. Any near objects, such as trees or
buildings, standing before such a sky, would
appear almost black by contrast with the bright

clouds made be introduced with good effect by | hight.

wiping away the colour in parts with a bit of |

To paint the sky we may begin by dabbing
an even tint, pale blue or purple, at the zenith,
changing gradually into bright orange, about
the position where the sun is to be. ‘The light
clouds may be carefully picked out with the
washleather, after which the slide should be well
dried. A circle is next scratched near the
horizon for the sun, and tinted with yellow.
The orange tint about the sun may be deepened

| by applying more colour with the brush, and
| the golden clouds may be tinted at the same

time. A purple grey tint may be brushed on
the dark portions of the clouds, and also on the
A
little black may be required on trees and the
like standing before the sky, the best way of
representing a luminous sky being to contrast it
with some objects in deep shade.

Any dust specks which may be visible should
be picked off with the sharpe point of a penknife,
preferably when the colour is dry. If there be
still water in the picture, it will reflect the

' colours of the sky precisely like a mirror; but

when the water surface is ruffed the colours
will be broken up and intermixed, while in some

' places the reflected tint will be that of the
Nimbus, or rain clouds, are dark blue or

zenith. When the slide appears satisfactory to

_ the eye, it may be tested in the lantern, as the
are two ways of painting them. One is to put —

appearance on the screen is the chief considera-
tion. This testing should be done, if possible,
by limelight, the strong yellow tint of oil-light
rendering it difticult to judge the colours cor-

i | rectly. Probably some little defects will become
the clouds with the brush. Either method will .

visible, requiring further touches of colour; and
perhaps there may be some dark patches,
indicating want of transparency, which can

206

generally be cured by giving the slide a thin
coat of mastic varnish at these places.

Ei ffects.—This title includes slides which are
exhibited in pairs, or in sets of three, at the same
time, by two or three lanterns, in order to
produce pictorial displays which could not be
shown by a single lantern. Some persons affect
to despise the illusions so obtained, calling them
childish and out of date. Indeed, one well-
known dealer advertises a single lantern as
“The Perfect Optical Lantern,’ although it is
alike incapable of showing effects and of
washing clothes. It seems to the writer that it
is only the half of a perfect lantern, though it
probubly is perfect asa single. For a lecturer
who works his own lantern, and relies more
upon his eloquence to please the audience than
on the beauty of the illustrations, a single
lantern is doubtless the best instrument, being
simple to work, and leaving him more at
leisure to think of the subject of his discourse ;

but when the lecturer has a competent operator | :
| gun, so that the cast shadows incline towards

to assist him the case stands on a different
footing.
There is no question that coloured slides of

good quality—if their enlarged images are |

viewed at a proper distance in proportion to
their size—are more interesting to the general
public than a long run of uncoloured pictures.
And there is no question that a few dioramic
illusions, also of good quality, are equally
pleasing to the onlookers, for the bulk of whom
they probably have the attraction of novelty. A
joke in a dry lecture comes like an oasis in the
desert; a good lantern effect in a course of
ordinary views is equally welcome.

The modern system of producing the limelight
by means of compressed oxygen and a saturator
is not, perhaps, so well adapted for use with a
dissolving tap, especially in frosty weather, as
the older method of using oxygen and coal-gas
in gas-bags; the safest plan at present being to
dispense with the dissolving tap, and using a
couple of Y joints to keep both lights burning
all the time ; but as the increased consumption
of oxygen is counterbalanced by the saving in
coal-gas, and as benzoline is cheap and gives a
better light than coal-gas, and is safe from
“pops,” if the jets are provided with pumice-
packed mixing-chambers, it may be affirmed
that, on the whole, dissolving views are as easy
to produce now as formerly.

Providence has furnished us with two eyes, in
order that we may enjoy the ‘‘effects” of
stereoscopic vision, ability to estimate distances,
and increased colour perception ; with two feet,
to produce the effect of walking; with two

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

mention. So that it is surely not childish to
use two lanterns to produce effects of dissolving
views and rolling curtains; of the rising moon
and the setting sun; of the flashing aurora
borealis and the evanescent rainbow ; of goblins
rising from the magician’s cauldron ; of dancing
skeletons and gliding ghosts ; of hovering angels
and visions in the air; of illuminated buildings
and sunlit clouds; of the fairy fountain and
rippling waters; of the gentle fall of snow, and
the lightning’s quick flash; and countless
others, some invented, but far more yet to be
invented. —

The highest skill of the transparency artist 1s
brought out in designing and painting the slides
which produce such illusions; some are
comparatively easy to paint, some are difficult,
and others require special frames and
mechanical arrangements to assist in their
production.

Moonlight Scenes are frequently very effective.
If the photograph has been taken against the

the spectator, the moon may be included in the
picture ; but when there are conspicuous shadows
inclining to the right or left, it will be better to
omit the moon, and to put in a few clouds or stars
instead. There are many pretty moonlight
slides in existence in which the shadows are
evidently not cast by the moon; or if they are,
they do not fall on the side opposite the light.
Such phenomena are doubtless interesting ; but
not being met with in Nature, it is, perhaps,
wise to avoid them in our pictures. In the
case of photographs taken in diffused light, we
may put the moon anywhere, and paint in the
cast shadows by hand in the proper positions.

A moonlight sky may be represented in
various ways. Just after sunset, the sky is
frequently of a rich blue colour, which may be
imitated by a deep tint of pure Prussian blue.
This rich colour does not last very long; it
quickly becomes darker in tone, until it changes
to the sombre indigo of night, which may be
represented by a mixture of Prussian blue and
ivory black ; or if a greenish tint be desired, by
a mixture of blue with burnt umber. It may be
observed that the sky blue of day is a purple or
ultramarine blue; but the sky blue of night is
a greenish blue.

An effective sky is that of a late sunset, when
the sun is well below the horizon, leaving a
glow of light with a few bright streaks of cloud
of an orange colour on the horizon, the rest of
the sky being of a darker and bluer tint. If the
glow is on one side of a picture, the portion of
the sky farthest from it will be the darkest, and

hands, to produce effects too numerous to ! here a crescent moon may be put; this owes its

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. xiii.

WATSON (of Newcastle) ‘

LANTERNS & SLIDES at less than STORE PRICES.
SPEGIALITY FOR THE MONTH. —~

Solid Russian Iron Lantern to burn Oil or

for use with Limelight ; best Achromatic

Lenses and 4 in. Compound Condensers

best quality 4-wick Lamp, Solid Brass
Front, complete in case,

E2 Os. Od.

worth £3 10s.

FIFTY SLIDES ON HIRE FOR 2a.
Coloured Slides from 8s. 8d. Dozen.

ONE OF THE LARGEST AND BEST STOCKS IN ur
THE COUNTRY. (CEVIATHAN fil il if

WATSON, curtritter, 34, Gevtee St.
NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE.

GITY SALE & EXGHANGE
54, Lime Street, Leadenhall Street, London, E.C.
Great City Lantern Depot,
§ Lantern SFtiae Library.

We have the largest collection of Lanterns in the United Kingdom, both New
and Second-hand. Send for Price List.

220,000 Lantern Slides for Hire
NONE BUT THE BEST KEPT. PLAIN AND COLOURED, 9d. PER DOZ., 3/« FOR 50.

Subscription Terms: 200 for 10s., 450 for its., 1,000 for 42s,

LANTERNS and Supplied for Cash,

SLIDES | Supplied on Hire,

CAMERAS and. /[ Supplied on Easy Terms,

LENSES . | Bought for Cash,
Exchanged.

xiv. ‘The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

AGIC LANTERNS AND SLIDES.

WALTER TYLER’S new helioscopic lantern has many
great improvements, including 44 inch condensers and extra
large front lenses, giving greatest brilliancy of light and perfect
definition. No extra charge. The present demand greatly exceeds
the supply, and delivery of new orders will be made in ten days.
WALTER TYLER, 28, Waterloo Road, London.

Oxygen, Oxygen, Oxygen, also Hydrogen, of the best quality,
compressed in thoroughly tested and reannealed Cylinders, at
lowest possible prices. Better and cheaper than any other house.
WALTER TYLER, 94, Waterloo Road, London.

WALTER TYLER'S now Catalogue, upwards of 500
pages, fully illustrated, now ready, post free, 12 stamps ;
smaller Catalogue, 6 stamps; and secondhand lists, post free.
WALTER TYLER, 28, Waterloo Road, London.

Hire Department perfect. Great reductions. If you desire to

purchase, hire or exchange, send to WALTER TYL ER,
who makes this business a specialité, and you will be well satisfied.
WALTER TYLER, 28, 50, 94, Waterloo Road,
ZBondon.

Secondhand Lanterns, Slides, and all kinds of Lantern appa-
ratus, at greatly reduced prices. Genuine bargains. Send for Lists.
WALTER TYLER, 3$O, Waterloo Road, London.

‘Wraiicem TYLER,
48, 50 and 94, WATERLOO ROAD, LONDON.

PREMIER DRY PLATE COMPANY. “ORION.”

PFPADRAADAADABAAD

England’s Premier

JAPAN AND THE JAPANESE,

A fine Lectare Sct of 70 Slides, principally from negatives by
Professor WY. K. BURTON,

May be obtainod from Icading Opticians such ag
Messrs. NEGRETTI & ZAMBRA, CORNHILL.
Messrs. STEWARD, STRAND.

Messrs. WATSON & SON, HOLBORN.
Messrs. WOOD, CHEAPSIDE.

| The ‘“*ORION’” Permanent Carbon Slides for COLOUR
maker. A new series of STATUARY and FLOWER
| STUDIES are now ready. We will send a complete list

on application. NOT Slides, as we do no retail trade.

Made from a special formula, have the | 206, ALBION RD., STOKE NEWINGTON, LONDON, N,

largest sale, and are without exception

A. KERSHAW, CANKERWELL LANE, LEEDS.

the finest lantern plates ever produced. Scientific Instrument Maker to University College, London ; Owen's

College, Manchester ; Yorkshire College, Leeds, &c.

They give thesame clearness and beauty | KERSHAW’S Patent Centering Jets work toa thousandof

as collodion. The speed is about the

Same as wet plates.

PRICE 1/- PER DOz.

To be obtained of all Dealers.

21--24, CHARLES ST.,
NOTTING HILL, W.

an inch in centering from outside Lantern,

Made to —
i€ Gauges and
¥ Inter-

changeable

“C. P. Co., September 5th, 1895.
‘‘Daar Srr,—I am pleased to siy that the Jet you sent me isa
splendid instrument. It gives amost powerfullight with oxy ether. In
fact, isthe most powerful Jet I have ever seen, and is most suitable

: for use with Saturators.—Yours, etc., F.B."
ROYAL CRESCENT, Blow-through Jets, 188. Mixing Jets, 218.

Wholesale also from
8. J, LEVI & Co., FARRINGDON ROAD, LONDON

light to the sun, and, therefore, the rounded
side will face the light, the horns being turned
upwards and away from the sun. The crescent
should be thin, as such a sky is only seen when
the moon is nearly ‘‘new.” A full moon at
sunset is always a long way from the place
where the sun sets; so that it could not well be
included in the same picture.

When two lanterns are used, we can secure a
more realistic moonlight effect by painting the
view a8 a daylight or twilight scene; and
then, with a duplicate photograph, painting a
sky with an intense blue, and clouds with
opaque black; also covering with black all the
rest of the picture, except where high lights are.
At night, for example, the windows of houses,
and perhaps a doorway or two, church clocks,
lights in street lamps, and the like, not omitting
the moon and stars, if there is much sky space.
After this, the slide can be dried; then an
etching-needle may sometimes be used. This
ig a dangerous tool, and should be applied with
extreme care, so that the etched lines are made
extremely fine, and free from torn edges. The
high lights may be tinted with suitable colours
—a very pale yellow for the moon, and deeper
yellow and orange tints for the windows, etc.

When exhibited in the lantern, the day view
is shown first on the screen with full brilliance ;
a pale orange or red glass is slowly pushed over the
front lens to give a sunset effect, next a piece of
pale blue glass follows the red, so that the picture
becomes blue; then a bit of perforated zinc is
slowly passed over the blue glass to reduce the
light. The second lantern is now ready with a
plate of tin behind or in front of the slide, to
temporarily cut off the light from the screen.
On slowly withdrawing this plate, the windows
of the houses, etc., will appear to light up one
after another. Such an effect requires two or
three minutes to show properly, and the
lecturer should not be in too great a hurry for
the next picture, otherwise some of the romance
of the scene will disappear.

—:.0:——

A Handy Copying Stand.*

By Tuomas C, Harris, Rayueiag, N.C., U.S.A.

THE subjoined sketch shows an apparatus
designed and built by the writer for his own use,
and, since it serves so good a purpose, it is
hereby offered to any of the craft who may
choose to build it.

*Photo-Beacen,

207

The construction is so clearly shown as to
need but little explanation.

The central post rests on three feet, on casters,
as shown. It is firmly braced in an upright
position, by the iron rods or wooden stays.
Across the top of the post is a strong cross-piece
(not shown), like the top of a capital T. This
cross-piece is just long enough to go between
the sides of the main frame (A), and is pivoted

to it by screws (B), passing through the side
rails and into the cross. Two screws are needed

—one on each side, and they should be large

and strong. The main frame, camera and all,
rests on these screws and oscillates up or down,
being held in position by the brace (c). The
main frame (A) should be strong and stiff—
about four feet long—with an extra long bellows
camera attached to it. Inside the main frame
ig a second frame (p), which slides in and out,
on cleats nailed to the main frame. This
second frame carries, at its outer end, two
uprights (£), at right angles to it and truly
parallel to the point of the camera. The
uprights are to support the copying board, to
which is attached the picture to be copied.

This apparatus may be rolled about, to get
the best light, or inclined up or down, at will.
The operator may slide the inside frame and
copying board in or out, and so get the desired
size of image on the ground glass, without
moving his head from beneath the focussing
cloth. Distance marks may be made on the
sliding frame, to show at a glance where it
should be placed to make a reduction or
enlargement of a given ratio. It is essentially
convenient for transparencies. In such work I
use (instead of the copying board) a board with
a hole in it, in which kits fit. The negative is
placed in the kits and the apparatus pointed to
the sky, or a mirror, to reflect the light from
the sky. The space between the camera front
and the board fis covered with a dark cloth,

208

simply thrown over it, and all the light which
reaches the lens comes through the negative.
A good kerosene lamp, for night work, does
very well.

In some cases and situations the light of the
sun may be turned on the copy by a hand
mirror. I have so copied large maps by reflected
sunlight, moved rapidly over its surface with a
small mirror.

An apparatus of this sort, to a man who has
much copying to do, though not a thing of
beauty, will be ‘a joy forever,” and will greatly
facilitate the work.

—:.0:——_

Reports, etc.
By P.

THE annual meeting of the Mutual Admiration
Lantern Society (Bombastes Triple, Esq., in the
chair) was held at the ‘“ Gasbag Arms,” on the
usual date. There were present the secretary
and treasurer, several of those newly-joined
members who had not attended a former
meeting, together with a few friends and
admirers of the chairman. We regret that
want of space prevents us from giving a
verbatim report of the speeches, but the
recently established rule permitting every mem-
ber to speak on any subject as often as he likes
rather tended to lengthen the proceedings.

A latish start was made, owing to the non-
arrival of the chairman, and at one time it
appeared as though the meeting would fall
through ; but on its becoming known that Mr.
Triple’s absence was due to the fact that his
name had not been printed on the notices
announcing the meeting in large enough type,
a deputation of members went round to Saturator
Villa, and by representing to him that the
printer should be made to apologise Mr. Triple
was induced to attend.

The chairman in his opening remarks ex-
pressed his gratification at the welcome they
had offered him, and stated that he felt sure
that he should continue to deserve their good
opinion. (Hear, hear.) He felt his time might
be better employed—(Yes, no)—but still, once
a year he thought it was his duty to descend to
their level, and to do his best to enlighten and
amuse them. With this object in view, he
would now proceed to give them a few brief
details of how he had first become a lanternist.
Mr. Triple then gave a most interesting account
of his career, and having spoken for an hour
and three quarters, the chairman. then sat

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

down, and the secretary was awaked, and
requested to read the minutes of the last
meeting.

The hon. sec. said: Mr. Chairman, and
gentlemen, at the Christmas meeting last year,
the following rules were proposed and carried :—

_“ That ladies be admitted as members.”

The society would be pleased to learn that
the new rule had met with universal approval,
and that as a result no less than three ladies
had joined. Two of these new members had
since resigned. It appeared that they had
removed from the immediate neighbourhood,
and that the train service from Hanwell was
not convenient, but still they had to-night the
pleasure of the society of Miss Ether Mahogany
Triple, and he (the sec.) hoped that she might
be prevailed upon to give them a little music
later on in the evening. (At this point Miss
Triple coyly hid a ream or two of music under
her chair, and said that the secretary “was a
nasty old thing for suggesting it.’’) Continuing

; his remarks, the worthy secretary now called

attention to the following resolution, proposed
by the chairman, and agreed to nem. con. at the
last meeting :—

‘That gas be laid on to the meeting room.”

This resolution, he regretted, had not been
carried out owing to some misunderstanding.
When applied to on the subject, the landlord
had said, ‘that there was gas enough about
the society as it was.” He (the secretary)
maintained there was a want of respect
amounting almost to rudeness in this remark.
He also wished to point out that there had
been considerable difficulty in persuading the
landlord to display one of the placards giving
notice of this meeting in the front bar window.
He had, after some trouble, obtained this
privilege, but it was most annoying to tind that
the landlord had hung a large card immediately
below the society's announcement, notifying
that

OUR GOOSE CLUB
HAS
COMMENCED.

The proximity of this notice might be accidental
but he rather thought it was intentional. The
secretary said his next duty would be to read
the list of donations to the society's library
during the last year. They were as follows :—
_ Mr. Triple, a portrait of himself.
Mr. Brown, an opaque screen, and a set of

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. XY.

a

Duplex Regulator
30s.

ry] Sold Everywhere.

SAFETY GAUGE 42s. | Professor MALDEN says of DUPLEX—
“ABSOLUTELY SAFE.”
Oxygen from Chlorate of Potash.

‘‘Have tried several Regulators, I

Cylinders filled while waiting. consider yours decidedly the best, and
Cylinders—All sizes in stock. for complicated effects find them work
Cylinder Fittings, all kinds. | as smoothly as gas-bags.”

Manufacturer—A. CLARKSON,

28, BARTLETT’S BUILDINGS, HOLBORN CIRCUS, LONDON, E.c.

Cc. WwW. LOCKE,

(13 Years Lanternist to B. J. MALDEN, Esq.)

INVENTOR, PATENTEE, and MANUFACTURER of IMPROVED ELECTRIC, LIME-
LIGHT, and all Kinds of High-Class Optical Lanterns, Lenses, Slides and all Acoessories
connected with Lantern Exhibitions. Wholesale, Retail and for Export.

LANTERNS properly Corrected for Registration of Dioramic Effects. The System used by ©. W. Locke for
Twenty-one Years is the only Correct one, and gives the best Results,

Practical Lessons in the Manipulation of Lanterns and the Preparation of Photographic Transparenci
Slides and the Colouring Rt same on Reasonable Terms. Pelides made for Siectares. fon diawings,
engravings, photographs, and all sources, by means of complete and perfect Apparatus recently set up.

Cc. W. LOCKE personally attends to operate for Public Lecturers and can Supply
all Apparatus necessary or will Operate the Lecturer’s Own.

C. W. LOCKE'S long public experience (nearly a quarter of 4 century), during which time he has given upwards of
3,000 exhibitions, will be a sufficient guarantee of success. C. W. Locke has operated four times at the Royal
Albert Hall, South Kensington, before the Duke and Ducwess or Teck, THE Marquis oF Lorne, Lapy
Henry SOMERSET, and many of the Nobility; also at most of the Largest Halls in London and the Provinces.

LIMELIGHT for Tableau Vivants, Theatricals, Garden Parties, Balls, &c., &c. LocKE's New Patent Mixed Jet and
Jet Slides are Now Ready. The Jet isa Marvel of Power, and was used by me at the Royal Albert Hall with great
success, giving a 3dft. disc on a 37ft. 6in. screen (the largest ever hung there), at a distance of 166ft. from

‘the screen, the full available distance.

LANTERN PARTS for Amateurs a Speciality. Practical advice freely given. High-Class Single Mahogany Oil
Lantern, thoroughly well made, with four-wick Lamp, from £3; with Stocks’ Patent Lamp, from £3 12s. 6d.
Good useful standard-size metal Lanterns, with three-wick Lamp, from 21/-.

LOCKE for Limelight, LOCKE for Lantern Limes,
LOCKE for Lanterns, LOCKE for Lantern Lenses.
Bona-fide Customers may see their Instruments in course of construction from the Raw Material.
me Hours, 9 till 5; Saturdays, 9 till 1.

Office and Works, 244, Tottenham Court Road, W.

MOTTO.—HIGH EFFICIENCY AND NO MISREPRESENTATION.

*%._The Optical Magio Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger, |

Manufacturers —

i
Colourtsts.

Good Work,
Quick Returns,
Moderate a
Prices.

Perma

i
1

WRITE FOR Q@

__.__The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. xvii.

THE LABORATORY,
BOW & BROMLEY iia
LONDON

Dee ea 169 $

ler nas Sof. Ana edits
aa | SILA
We

| leah /
| Tone, baaaluly freite fr cat rg “at —

| e “ wre C Mma (jUed Otek

Srilliancy, ysare riaky att Soe eee
/ ([- ice anaes MA utpotinre

ee iit ea Oe a eee oe :

Ow MNMeMNe

haw gratified ot the ahli ded rot ay Lng.

nency vse Natt pc He gait
0 r whl gan me ~ ah
| 9 he ae ae a ee é ora peat: whi

\UOTATIONS, pedi

xviii, The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger,

GENERAL WANTS (continued from page iii.) age ec 4 dozen Welsh Fairy Glen, Aber Fall, a
17s. 6d.; 3 Niagara, 2s. 6d.—H., 16, Perryn-road,

Acton.
[Peers oan have their Lectures Illustrated by ANTED, highest-class hand-painted lecture
& magnificent Triple Lantern (cost 65 guineas) ; | eets, lantern slides (second-hand), send price and

terms, one guinea per lecture; distance no object; all | ful) particulars.—N.Z., Office of this Journal.
travelling expenses extra; willing to join concert party

or travelling choir at @ salary and commission ; hundreda ' ,
of best slides to select from; entertainments provided W gg ed ya ge i PeMecborder; cheep:

for evening parties, schools, etc.—G. C. Hoare, 39,
Beaufort-road, St. Ann’s-road, Green-lanes, N, 9 l FINE Photographic slides of Rome, 9s. 6d.; 25

: Venice and Milan, 7s. 6d.; 12 Astronomical, 6s.
AGNIFICENT Lantern Slides (Best Coloured, in eas : : ; | :
M Sets).—52 Scotland, 20s.; 60 “‘ Liverpool to muha soresen sold Wolverhampton,

Niagara Falls,"’ 25s.; 50 “ Tour in North Wales,’' 20s. ;

36 Venice, 158.; 40‘‘ Two Months in India,” 158.; 20 XYGEN Cylinder, 40 ft., best make, almost new;
“Eva and Uncle Tom," 8s, 6d.; 24 ‘Mary Queen of gauge ; Suiter's oxygen and hydrogen regulators;
Scots,” 10s. ; 60 Ireland, 258. ; complete with lectures. — also hand regulator ; all in good order; the lot for 70s.—
6, Bow-lane, Fishergate-hill, Preston. Mackie, Chemist, Brechin.

Poe pong: : ‘ a sive by Miperr & Sons, WO really fine sets of slides, 60 Round the World in
Je gree genre oy pe ae ity, 4 Pina ih 100 minutes, 30s.; 80 Holy Land, 40s.; they are
condensing lenses, and 3 sets of new double combination worth doubl d well coloured. with lectures. 20
achromatic front lenses of different foci; telescope Pi k ; nat 2 . be Li rasan 1 ” : ’
front ; improved dissolving tap and oxy-hydrogen jets ; ‘exering-street, Jverton, Liverpool.
cost over £33; on view at 20, Cranbourn-street, W.0.— :
Letters to R.M.C., 12, Strathray-gardens, Belsize Park, Dy liar ee Lantern, 4in. condensers, achromatic lens,
London, N.W. with flash shutter; complete for oil and lime-

NTPRRIAR ML ooo | light, 368. 50 slides ; coloured photographic sets; also
So Mahogany Bi-unial, 4 in. condenser; | 4 in. condenser, 4s. 6d.; 5 in. condenser, 12s. 6d.; six-

entire brass front; curtain slide, jets, lenses, 85s. ; way star dissolver, new 8s. 6d.; front lens with flash
also a single ditto, and several sets ; good cheap gas-bag. | shutter, 9s.; Tyler’s revolving tinter, 48.— 86, Old
—H., 1, Tamworth-road, Croydon. Woolwich-road, Greenwich.

TEE Rees Croydon | Weontmitrona, raenmiehs nen “STS O
‘BESSUS' LaNvEens
AIRS & CO,

84, HATTON GARDEN, E.C.
PRICES

SINGLE, from £6 5s.; BI-UNIAL, from £15 10s.

The,“ Bessus"' Patent Lanterns
are fitted with pivoted front,
for access to the interior or
condenser,

The patent mechanism for working the

fronts of the Bi-unial gives every move-

ment for registering the discs by simply

turning two milled heads. The time occu-
pied being about ten seconds.

Messrs. Nettleship & Rose, Highbury, write :— |

oe . ‘Your lantern is a grand success for either
large or small halls; any practical lanternist
having one try with a “ Bessus” would
always want to use it.”

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographio Enlarger.

four slides illustrating ‘his annual bath"
(life models).

Mr. Jones, two back numbers of the Millbank
Gazette, containing an account of his lec-
tures on ‘“ The abstract divisibility of the
non-existent potential.”

Mr. Robinson, twenty slides (various), and a
portrait of himself.

The next matter to be dealt with was the
arrangements for the coming season. The hon.
sec. proposed giving a number of lectures to the
society himself. He said he thought that his
turn had fairly come, and that the society
could not fail to be benefited by hearing some-
thing a little more high-class than they hitherto
had had. He would therefore set before them
ae of the subjects with which he intended to

eal.

The chairman, interposing, said that he thought
that the members present would be quite willing
to take the secretary's synopsis as read, and that
therefore he would now proceed with the main
business of the evening—his newly-invented
saturator, The secretary, in reply, said that
ha begged to hand in his resignation (which
was accepted), but before giving up the docu-
ments, etc., to his successor, he felt it his duty
to ask the chairman what had become of the
box of the club lantern. He (the sec.) had no
desire to say anything unpleasant, but all he
(the sec.) knew was that the box was missing,
and that, strangely enough, the new ottoman at
Saturator Villa was just about the same size
and shape. Art muslin they knew was cheap,
and would cover any amount of the club's
property, but he

The chairman ruled the remarks of the late
hon. sec. as irrelevant to the subject, and
proposed his brother-in-law Mr. Broadgrin as
the new secretary. This was seconded by
Master Pamphengos Stocks Optimus Triple,
and agreed nem. con.

Mr. Triple said he would read them the report
of his new saturator. Mr. Broadgrin said he was
under the impression that everybody in the
neighbourhood had heard the report, and that
he believed that some of the windows of the
adjoining houses had not been mended yet.

The chairman, continuing said that the fault
of most saturators was that they were not
constructed of suitable materials. Now the
pattern he had the pleasure of showing them
this evening was made on a far more rational
plan. The body, as they could see for them-
selves, was formed of an empty condensed milk
tin, and this was the real secret of the apparatus.

He had tried all kinds of tins. One of his
earlier patterns, made with a potted lobster tin,

209

gave almost as good a light ; but operators com-
plained of indigestion after using it—so he had
given it up. He had experimented with every
kind of tin, but since he had discovered his new
theory of affinity, he had rejected them all in
favour of condensed milk. First of all, there
was its natural relationship with the condenser,
as also with the lime, because, of course, lime is
known to be a form of chalk, and chalk—well,

| everybody knew the relationship between chalk

and milk. However, he would say no more
about its merits, but would light up, and then
the members could judge for themselves; and in
the meantime, during his preparations, his
little girl would sing them something. Miss
Triple, after a little persuasion sang ‘A wet
sheet and a glowing lime” (words by B. Triple,
Esq.), and as an encore, that striking air,
‘‘Popgo esthesa tu rata,” from the opera of
“ Ethoxo.”

Having charged the saturator, Mr. Triple
next proceeded to light up.

(T'o be' continued).
[We prefer not to have the continuation.—Eb.]

ci) ms

The Lanternist’s Den.—XVIII.
By C. E: REnDueE.

TO MAKE A’ LECTURER’S SINGLE
LANTERN.
Continued from page 159.

Assumina that the wood body has been put
together, the doors mounted, and the whole
hinged to the baseboard, attention is next
turned to the lining.

On page 5, Vol. V., of THE Opticat Maaic
LANTERN JOURNAL, some useful particulars will
be found as to the manipulation of the metal.
The directions for marking and cutting out also
will exactly suit for our present requirements.
There it will be observed all details of measure-
ment are given, so it will be an extremely easy
task to take a sheet of Russian charcoaled
iron, which is the metal for the purpose, and
for the reader to run his rule through the
inside of the woodwork and mark his sheet of
iron accordingly. Don’t forget, however, in
doing sc, that an air space is required, say # in.
between the wood and the metal, and allowance
for this must be made in the marking off. An
extra piece will have to be cut and fixed to the
inside of door at back. This can be left per-

210

fectly flat, short lengths of brass tube being
passed on the screws that secure it to the wood.
As it has not been considered advantageous
in this case to fit the bottom into the lining as
advised in former articles, I will speak of that
presently. The jet shelf is removable, so we'll
proceed briefly to discuss it. Cut_two pieces of
iron 1 in. wide and 54 in long. One inch from
each end of these bend as shown at aa, Fig. 6.
The invertion should not be more than jy in.
These bent strips are so riveted to the inside of
lining at back and front in. a central position so
that the edges at the bottom are flush.

The dotted line, Fig. 6, represents the lining.
The jet shelf must next be made, the ends of
which are to fit into these slots. Particulars of
shelves will be found on page 7, Vol. V., Fig.
XVI. but the measurements mentioned there may
disregarded, for be it remembered we are here

treating a larger sized lantern. As stated, the
shelf is to be made to fit into the slots above
described, so that it can be removed without
difficulty.

Fig. VII. is a plan diagram of bottom, and is
fixed to the baseboard by means of four brass
screws, with collets, as before, between wood
and metal. If this is properly fitted the front
of the lantern can be raised a couple of inches
without touching its lining, and the slanting
sides of bottom are so formed to meet the
angle the lantern takes on plinth, and so exclude
the light.

Six or seven } in. holes can be made down
centre. After cutting them out, their edges
must be hammered down with a small flat-
faced hammer on a smooth stake. It may
be pointed out that the metal is to be cut
through the corner lines to DDDD, or, as it were,
to the bend. Four 53, in. holes (z) are punched
for screwing it to rhe baseboard.

In proceeding to bend up the sides and ends
to right angles, take sides first (aa). It will be

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

found an easy matter to screw side into bench
vice, commencing at broad end p and working
down to narrow end (p), the line on the metal to
run level with the top of vice jaws. Bend down
carefully with hand, and finish with small
hammer. After the two sides then the front (8)
should be bent up in like manner, and lastly
the back (c). The overlaps (FFFF) are then laid
down flat to sides, and when perfectly square at
each corner must be riveted with a brass or
copper rivet. Judgment alone can be the guide
for fixing this piece of metal work to the plinth,
which, as before mentioned, is done with brass
screws, In fitting up a lantern, to the unin-
itiated it is advisable to screw or temporarily
fix the respective parts in their several places,
so that they can easily be removed. By 80
doing the worker can detect any faults or bad
fittings, which can more readily be altered than
at a later stage. Turning attention to the hood,
it is necessary to ask ourselves a question or 80
before deciding the form this should take. If
the lantern is to be used as a single, and that
with the oxy-hydrogen illuminant, or say &
“Saturator,” then a hood and arrangement as
described on page 7, Vol. V., is best, but if a
lamp, or the incandescent gas burner is to be
occasionally inserted, then a removable rose top
on a dome is recommended: And again, when
used in conjunction with the biunial, the hood,
belonging to the latter is used.

Explanations have already been given as to
door linings in a former paper, but as it has
been suggested above that the right hand door
may be used to throw light on to the text of the
lecture, in which case side shields will have to
be provided to help condense the rays of light
and so concentrate them to one point. This is
easily got over in two ways, firstly, instead of
cutting the lining to fit door in the ordinary
way, mark the sizes of the square on a piece
of iron, and again on each side mark out an
addition at the angle wanted when door would
be open. Now if this angle piece is bent up
square to the line on either side, the door
lining and shields are in one piece, and when
nicely and smoothly fitted answers capitally.
Secondly, should the side of lantern only be
required now and again, then line door in usual
way, and fit shields on each side from sheet
tin. When these two sides are in position, that
is to say, resting in rabbets of door, solder a
strip of tin at top and bottom ; by this means
they are held together and can be removed and
replaced easily. To finish they will require a
coat or two of dead black.

On page 221, Vol. V., Fig. KXX. shows the
kind of slotted arm pieces that are required on

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. xix.
NO MORE |

XPLOSIONS.

LIMELIGHT without either Compressed Oxygen, Hydrogen, Bags, or House Gas,
THE “PORTABLE AUTOMATIC OXYGEN PRODUCER.

It produces Oxygen at three or four minutes’ notice, positively

Without the slightest danger at half the cost of Compressed Gas.
When Oxygen is required, there is nothing in the world to do but to press a
Cartridge into the Producer. The Oxygen Cartridges (15 to the lb.) 1s. 4d. per lb. can
be sent through the post, 13-lbs. being more than sufficient for a two hours’ exhibition.

Supplies Hydrogen, and is suitable to work with the above Oxygen Producer for Limelight. Fits into the tray of the
lantern to work with any ‘‘ Blow-through " or '‘ Mixed"’ jet. Perfectly safe. Will dissolve. Only one is required,
which can be connected up in the usual manner to supply double or triple lanterns.

The “Portable” Automatic Oxygen Producer Company,

SUFFOLK HOUSE, LAURENCE POUNTNEY HILL, LONDON, E.C.

Xx, The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

FREE

As set of SIX COLOURED LANTERN SLIDES.
By ELLIMAN, SONS & 60, Slough, ENGLAND. om 1 ETURGLE wa 1

To be lent

FLLIMAN'S iN USE iN AFRICA.

ite anal? oh
‘a we ij \! iene, ZN NN" yt WY
Mg

Se!
”
S ’

————
q Lae

PASE

ae

| hie subjects are various, being reproductions in colours of
“Elliman” Advertisements. No payment will be made for
exhibiting these Slides.

Apply to

ELLIMAN, SONS & CO.,
Slough, ENGLAND.

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

211

each side of wood body for raising-or lowering
the lantern from its plinth. By looking at the

lining, as it is positioned in the lantern, it will |

be seen to rest some } in. below top of wood-
work. Remove the pins from the hinges of
bi-unial, and lift body from baseboard.
this, take a small steel punch, rather less in
size than pin in the hinge. Place one end—
which is flat—against end of pin and slightly

tap with hammer, this will send it through |

sufficiently far to enable it to be gripped with
plyers and so withdrawn. Now discard these

pins and make in their stead one long one that |

will go through both hinges, and if a ring is
turned from the wire at one end it will be found
convenient to take hold of, and so attach or
detach the body from plinth at will.

The baseboard then has been removed in the

manner indicated from the bi-unial, and the |

iron bottom taken out. The body will now
drop into the single to a depth of } in. and
rest on the iron lining. Four hooked struts
and eyes are to be made and fitted, Fig. VIII.,
two on each side, whilst the lanterns are in
this position, the hooked parts fixed to the
double body and the eyes to the single. The
eye pieces are secured on plates 1 in. long, and
width exactly same as top edge of wood. These
plates can be let into wood by cutting away
with a sharp chisel, afterwards fixing with a
couple of screws.
can lay idly on baseboard, or, if preferred, small
plug screwed sockets are let intothe lantern body
flush with the surface and thumbscrews fitted,
they can thus be removed when not wanted.
The former plan is first recommended, there
being no loose parts to look after. Many of the

To do |

wanted, and when finished can be temporarily
screwed in their places; and then on page 153
of same vol, the knobs and catches for the
doors are explained; of these three will have
to be made—one on left-hand door is fixed
between peep-hole and rabbet, right hand and
back door at the bottom.

Those readers who have the bi-unial, have
little or nothing to do in making up the front
stages, for as before mentioned, these are but
detached from one lantern and attached to the
other, and all that is required in this case is
four screwed pillars, the same as described on
page 166, Vol. V., Fig. XXVI. The same nuts
will answer for either lantern, and when these
have been fixed in position the lantern is com-
plete. But if the single is to be used coupled to
the double, thus forming a triple, or again, if there
be no stages at hand to complete the single
lantern, then the perfect front will have to be
made, Full details are given on pages 154,
155, 165, 166, and 220, Vol. V., of this part of
the work, and the only difference to be borne
in mind in making it up will be, that if to use
both as single and triple, the entire front must
work on a hinged plate in the same way as the
stages of the bi-unial work from its centre,
Great care need be exercised in fitting in exact

| position, for when the three lanterns are fully

foregoing remarks apply only to those whose |:
intention it is to use the two lanterns con- |

jointly.

The bi-untal body’can now be re:placed to Me | 1 dispensed with, if desired. The latter,

baseboard. Again, itis complete, but only for
& moment. Remove the roller curtain from the
stages, and then the entire brass front of the
topmost of the two lanterns.
achieved in almost as short a space of time as
it takes to write it..

The punch previously alluded to must again
be brought into use to remove the pin in like
manner. Unscrew the nuts from the two corner
pillars, when the complete half can then be
lifted off. This done, we can return the double

lantern to its case, less the brass work, as it |

will not be wanted again during the job.

On page 90, Vol. V., instruction is given to
make the peep-holes. Two of these are

This can be |

- equipped, the centres of the three condensers must
The hooks when not in use ' amiPP f

be equi-distant, for if not, the apexes of the
objectives will be all awry. The consequences
of this would be appalling to operator and
audience alike.

One word more in reference to front. The
lantern is being made, we'll assume, to be
used only as a Single lantern. There will
be no hinged parts required. The back plate
which carries the condenser cell can be
screwed down square and rigid, and the curtain

however, the writer recommends, a8 many

| little dodges can be indulged in wherever a gap

occurs.

The lantern is now ready for finishing, and
must be taken apart, The mahogany body is
to be treated in the polishing process in the
manner explained on pages 58, 59, Vol. V. After
which the several parts are to be returned to
their places, where they are permanently
fixed.

The back curtain and fittings are explained

"on pages 221, Volume V. This is a useful

addition, in fact, the lantern is incomplete
without it.

212

To Prepare “Wet” Lantern
Slides for Colouring.

Tse colouring of lantern slides is becoming
very much of a fad. We yet adhere to our
preference for the ‘‘ wet’”’ slide. It gives the
best projection on the screen, and that is the
spot to judge of a slide. A transparency is not
& projection. But some colourists have drifted
into using the “dry” slide for their results
because they have a difficulty of working colours
upon the collodion film. Permit us to lend a
helping hand.

To prepare a wet plate lantern slide for
colouring, either in water colours or in oils, the
following process is simple and easy :—

Cover a quantity of (say half-ounce of Cox’s
or No. 1 Nelson’s) gelatine with cold water ;

allow it to swell thoroughly, say an hour. |
Drain off the excess of water by covering the |

vessel with a thickness of cheese cloth. Do
not press the excess of water off, merely drain it
and take time. Set the gelatine in another
dish containing hot water until it melts; then
take it out and stir in alcohol (use photographic
95°) slowly until white follows the addition.
This you redissolve by dropping in hot water in
the same manner. Filter through two thick-
nesses of cheese cloth into a wide-mouthed
bottle. If too thick to flow when warmed for
use, add alcohol and water as before, wet the
binder of the slide on its edges, and scrape it off
from the glass. Flow the surface of the slide
with alcohol, one part; water, two parts; then
follow with the gelatine solution twice or more.
Dry on a rack, or on nails in the wall—do not
use heat. Work carefully, and all things clean.
—Wailson's Photographic Magazine.

—:0:——_

How a Successful Lantern Lec-
turer came to Commence
Business in New Zealand.

Mr. W. H: Maruizson, before starting from
Invercargill, New Zealand, in April, 1893, for a
trip round the world, promised the minister of
his church that when he returned he would
deliver a lecture on his trip in aid of the funds
of his church. While on the way he conceived
the idea of procuring good views of ail the
principal places visited. This he did, and also
had specially painted ‘“‘The Charge of the

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

Ages ’’—all of which he exhibited in connection
with the lecture. On his return he fulfilled his
promise in St. Paul’s Presbyterian Church,
Invercargill, on two separate evenings to large
audiences, the opinion expressed at the con-
clusion of each, being that the entertainment
all through was one of the very best of its kind
ever given in the town. |

Subsequently, invitations from country dis-
tricts flowed in upon Mr. Mathieson, soliciting
a visit. He complied with these requests as
far as possible, and since has lectured and ex-
hibited at almost every township of any impor-
tance throughout Southland and Otago, and
everywhere has large and_highly-delighted
audiences, and ample testimony of public
appreciation, In a large number of places
the entertainment has been given a second and
third time at the urgent request of residents,
while in not a few instances individuals
attended the entertainment on several occasions,
when given at different settlements within their
reach, coming over twenty miles or more to be
present. .

From this beginning Mr. Mathieson has been
kept busy giving his lecture, and now he stands
in the very foremost ranks as a successful
lecturer.

e °
ee o-_-

Experiments for the Lantern—
“ Vortex Rings.”

By IX. Drew.

Many of our readers may have noticed the
formation of smoke rings whilst smoking their
evening pipe, but the cause of these rings may
never have occurred to them, or it may never
have occurred to them to investigate the
phenomena. It is not the object of this article
to enter into any explanation as to the cause of
the formation of vortex rings, which is the
name these rings of smoke are known by; but
for an explanation of the cause of vortex rings,
the reader must be referred to some of the well-
written explanations given by some of our
leading science teachers. The following des-
cription will, however, give the reader an idea
a8 to the making of vortex smoke rings by a
much surer method than by means of the pipe
and mouth; and should the curiosity of the
reader be aroused, and lead to the investigation

Light Brigade,” ‘‘ Mary Queen of Scots,” ‘The | of the causes of this interesting phenomena,

Village Blacksmith,” ‘ Sailing,” and “

Rock of |

the writer will have attained the object desired.

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. xxi.

If you want to buy the most practical Lantern or Photo Apparatus, of 20 per oent. better finish,
at 20 per cent. less than usual cost, send for our Specialities, containing Practical Instructions
to Practical Lanternists, post free, Six stamps.

ee Os eee St oe eae

fie iat ona

=e ; aie

SOUTH LONDON OPTICAL
WORKS,

CREENWICH, S.E.

a
ra H 5 ] :
nae

iif.
Hig
Tce

- |:
'

A few High-Class Seen hand Single, Bi-unial, and Triple Lanterns ne Sale, BARGAINS.

* xxi. The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

THOMAS’S

LANTERN PLATES

Still maintain their supremacy.
ONE QUALITY YT ONLY.

All colours, from black to the warmest purple, easily obtainable without toning.
The Best Plates for all kinds of

TRANSPARENCY WORK,

Either by contact printing or reduction in the Camera.
THESE PLATES ARE SPECIALLY RECOMMENDED FOR PHOTOMICROGRAPHY.

ON SELECTED THIN GLASS, 3}x3}, ls. per doz.
SOLD BY ALL DEALERS.

R. W. THOMAS & CO,, Ltd., Pall Mall Factory, Thornton Heath.

Telegrams: “SPEED, THORNTON HEATH.” Telephone No. 9365.

F. BROWN, YORK $ OPTICAL LANTERN SLIDES.

Fourteen Medals Awarded for Excellence.
Manufecturcr of Limelight Jets of every description The following are some “ol The New Sets for the Season :—
foi all urposes. Naples. — Harry Beckwith.
f ; Pp The Vatican. Start in Life.
aay exico. Daneabury House.
Sport in the Rocky Mountains. Angel's Christmas.
Brittany. Olive'a Story.
' peas = Anecdotes about Dogs. Little Meg's Children.

ST ewe, ee wees Chemical Experiments — Air, Cumic and other Sete:—

Water, Hydrogen, &e., &c., &c. The Waits.
Astronomica] Photographs taken Croucodile’s Dinner Party.

at the Lick Observatory. How the Clock Went Wrong.
Elate Mines. Vicar of Wakefield.
Elementary Physica) Geology. 'Tia a Wild Night.
Commerscial Geography. Farmer's Blunder.
Life Model Sets — The Curtain.
Bart’a Joy.

CATALOGUES AND TERMS ON APPLICATION,

YORK & SON,

67, Lancaster Road, Notting Hill, LONDON, W.

The RACE for the
AMERICAN CUP

VALKYRIE HI. & DEFENDER,

PHOTOGRAPHED BY

G. WEST & SON, Palmerston Roid, SOUTHSEA.

A SPLENDID SERIES OF LANTERN SLIDES,
giving Different Views of the Races.

Five Minutes before the Start (2nd Race); Thirty Seconds before
the Fou'; Five Seconds after the Foul ; The Steamers; Valkyrie
Winning, etc., etc,, ete.; and Various other Yachting ‘Scenes.
Also sp endid Slides of H.M. Sbips; French, German,

Gives the best light ; no pops ; no noise; most economic®!; | and Italian Battle Ships, and other Naval Bubjects of
lightest and best made Sat urator extant. New list containing great interes

sunioet details of the Saturator and other Apparatus, Post BEND FOR NEW Cc on ALOGUES.
11 & 18, OSSULSTON STREET, LONDON, N.W. | G. WEST & SON, Palmerston Road, SOUTHSEA.

Lu
u.
<
a
>
—!
uJ
-
2
_l
Oo
a
a
<<

218

A very good and simple method to produce
vortex rings upon a small scale for individual
experiment is to obtain an empty cylindrical
coffee tin. Remove the lid of the canister, and
by means of a circular punch, make a hole
centrally in tae bottom about one-third of an
inch in diameter. Over the open end of the
canister stretch a piece of writing paper as
tightly as possible, insert into the hole in the
tin bottom some smouldering pieces of brown

paper, and having generated sufficient smoke in
the canister, tap the end centrally with the
finger, when the rings will be seen to readily
issue from the small hole, and at a speed pro-
portionately to the strength of the tap.

The vortex rings produced in this way are
very small, and it would be difficult for a
number of persons to witness the phenomena
at one time. By employing a larger smoke
receptacle, a difficulty will be experienced in
obtaining sufficient smoke to fill and necessarily
give strength to the rings formed. Recourse
has, therefore, to be had to some other means,
such as producing fumes of ammonic chloride.

The following is a method in which the
fumes of ammonium chloride will allow of
vortex rings being made on a large scale and
sufficiently large for a number of persons to
witness at one time. The apparatus necessary,
in place of the cylindrical canister, is a large
Square wooden box about the size of a tea
chest. At the bottom of the box is made a
round hole, and at the side opposite a piece of
canvas is tightly and neatly secured by means of
tacks all round. Two holes are made in the
side, and into these two holes is inserted the
stem pieces of two small glass retorts, one
having a quantity of hydrochloric acid in it,
and the other a quantity of ammonia solution,
both of which are mostly in possession ot
amateur photographers and lanternists. The
retorts are gently heated by two small spirit
lamps, or small Bunsen burners. The vapours
given off mix in the box, and produce

ammonium chloride as described. By tapping
the end, as in the former case, large rings will
thus be readily formed. If the experiment is
performed in the dark, and the rings are pro-
jected into the path of a beam of light from the
lantern, they will be more effectively demon-
strated.

The accompanying sketch gives a genera
view of the latter piece of apparatus described,
and will assist the reader to more fully under-
stand the written description.

:0:
Topical Notes.
By THe DREAMER.

Iv is my intention in this page to bring before
readers’ notice subjects which come under the
above title, that is to say, anyone and everyone,
anything and everything, which may be of
interest—ephemeral or otherwise—to them.

TuIs is a somewhat wide scope, but I do not
wish to tie myself down to one subject, or one
groove, and so run the risk of being brought to
book for wandering from my text.

WE all welcomed the decision of the judges in
awarding one of the Royal Photographic Society
of Great Britain medals to E. Marriage for
his lantern slides. From their very nature
lantern slides and transparencies are much
handicapped when competing against prints,
and, therefore, except iv a Utopean world, they
cannot be expected to attract the attention and
recognition they deserve, so that this award is
doubly acceptable.

Ir must not be forgotten either, that a meda
has also been awarded to one of our foremost
lantern slide producers, in the person of HE.
G. Lee, and well he deserves the distinction.
This makes, I think, his second P.S.G.B.
medal. Amongst the other prize winners the
names of J. A. Sinclair, F. P. Cembrano and L.
C. Bennett are well known, not only for their
prints, but also for their lantern slides, so that,
altogether, we have cause to be satisfied with
the performance of our workers.

On looking through a list of awards of the
P.8.G.B. during the last ten years | notice that
out of about 150 medals awarded by the judges,
only six have been given for lantern slides or
transparencies, whilst during the same time,
out of eleven medals awarded for ‘‘ apparatus,”’
only one has fallen to lantern apparatus, 7.e.

214

the Stereoscopic Projection Exhibit of Mr.
Anderson. Surely some more of the ve
ingenious lantern apparatus were worthy of the
coveted distinction.

Wuat is the Lantern Society doing? I
suppose most lantern users have an idea that
there is such a society, but where it meets,
when it meets, and what it does when it does
meet, would be, I am sure, unanswerable ques-
tions to the great majority. Cannot something
be done to rouse it into life, or is it to
degenerate into a dealers’ show-room? It has
a good meeting room, and I have no doubt its
officers are good men, but they require waking
up. An energetic go-ahead Lantern Society
would be a great success. But is the Lantern
Society that ?

UnasgED, I should like to point out one or |

two ways in which the Lantern Society might,
in my opinion, be improved.
1.—Reduce the subscription to 5s. per annum.
2.—Send reports of meetings to the Press regularly.
3.—Arrange a series of lectures, demonstrations, and
discussions on lantern matters for each session,

and let these fixtures be advertised in the Press
week by week.

4.—Make the meetings of a rather more sociable
tendency.

5.—Provide facilities for members to make and
examine slides, etc., provide a dark room and a
permanent lantern and screen for use of
members,
Possibly, an annual exhibition of lantern slides
and transparencies, carefully displayed and
lighted, might be included, but it requires care-
ful consideration. There must be in London
hundreds who might join such a society, and
amongst them there would be no lack of volun-
teers to read papers, or give demonstrations at
the meetings, or to attend and imbibe the
wisdom emanating from their more fearless
fellow members.

A FRIENDLY controversy as regards the power
of rival jets took place recently, and a practical
test trial was decided upon. One would have
thought the Lantern Society was the only place
to settle the matter, and that the executive
would have seized the opportunity of providing
a good evening’s entertainment and instruction
for their members. But not so, the battle
ground was arranged elsewhere.

Taxis little incident may be cited as one of
many which afforded the opportunity of a little
energy and a little go-aheadedness being shown
by the Lantern Society, but apparently it was
not forthcoming.

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

The Lantern Society.

Durine the past session the Lantern Society
have had the following meetings (20, Hanover
Square, W.) :—

One exhibition of slides for members and their friends.
Two meetings, at which the slides going to or received
from America were shown. One meeting, at which a set
of slides illustrating the World's Fair at Chicago were
shown. One meeting, at which a selection of the old
Polytechnic slides were exhibited in the original lanterns
by Mr. J. Hay Taylor; the whole being kindly lent for the
purpose by Mr. Wilkie. Papers were read by Comman-
der C. E. Gladstone, on “Old Touraine’’; by Mr.
Carrington, on ‘‘Trees,’’ illustrated by slides by Mr.
Evans. Mr. Beckett also showed slides illustrating the
Vatican and Pompeii.

At the informal meetings, various pieces of apparatus
were shown, amongst them being :—A portable lantern,
by Mr. J. Hay Taylor. Electric arc lamps for use in Jan-
terns, by Messrs. Newton. An apparatus for slide
making, by Mr. Kapteyu.

Mr. Norton gave a demonstration on the relative values
of different illuminante for use in lanterns.

A very interesting visit was paid by members of the
society to Brin's Oxygen Works, at the kind invitation of
Mr. Murray.

———o-—-—

What Causes the Hissing
in a Jet?

By a LANTERNIST.

TE above query weuld be answered by a great
many, ‘‘ because one has too much pressure on’;
I will not contradict it, possibly that may be so.
A great number of jets made by even eminent
makers are sometimes rendered most unsatis-
factory by the presence of this nuisance, and in
many cases it will be found necessary to turn
off the taps, so as to lower the pressure, whilst
others indulge in stuffing the mixing chamber
with wire or gauze, or placing a quantity of
worsted in the same position, and to their
disgust find that it only makes matters worse.
In using an ether jet the worsted or gauze is
burnt away instantly. In nine cases out of ten
they have not commenced at the right place,
unscrew the nipple and see what sort of joint
there is, you will in most cases find that there are
some sharp edges against which the gas impinges
and thus causes this disagreeable noise. These
rough edges are generally to be found at the
junction of the nipple and the exit tube of the
jet. The rough diagrams shown will give
one some idea of the principal errors in con-
struction. In Fig. I. we see possibly one of
the worst forms of jet, simply a piece of bent

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. xxiii,

—_——_- -- > OO _ _—_cunuxx-——oOoqqOoqooOO Eee eee

Go Lanternists.

PRESENTATION SET OF 4 SLIDES.

ALFRED BIRD & SONS, Devonshire Works, Birmingham, will be happy
to forward Gratis, on receipt of address (and 3 stamps to cover postage), the above slides,

comprising four of their latest subjects, taken from valuable Oil Paintings by eminent artists.

| Applicants will oblige by stating the nature of entertainments they generally give, and it is

hoped they will undertake to display the slides upon all occasions during this season.

Ox YGEN

FOR LANTERN OR INHALATION. STEEL CYLINDERS AND ACCESSORIES.

PARKINSON'S GONDENSED GAS CO.

Noy, EES’ STRETFORD, MANCHESTER. “one sree

I/HORNTON-OICKARD . te.

“RUBY”

CAME RA PATTERN. nee me

Shutter ie attached to Front and Focal Plane s
folds up with the Camera. Price, from 35/-

including Shutter, Automatic Stand, and Three ;

Patent Plate Holders, from £8 118. Price from 18’'6 Speed Indicator (recommended) 3/6 extra.
Cataloawe Post Free.

--———-— Is both Theoretically and Practically the most efficient in the market. It gives exposures
of any duration, from fractions of a second up to minutes or hours, without vibrawon,.
The samme Shutter will fit two or more Lenses,

ALTRINCHAM, NEAR MANCHESTER.

THE “INJECTOR” MIXED JET

Patent 24761/93. Price 30s.

This is the only perfect Mixed Jet which can be worked with coal-gas taken direct from the town supply, and oxygen at

high pressure from acylinder. It combines the ful] efficiency of a mixed jet with the safety, economy and convenience of

a‘blow-through. Blow-through jets are quite superseded by it. An ordinary mixed jet which will produce any given

candle-power when supplied with both gases under pressure will, when fitted with our Injector, give the same Power

when taking its coal-gas supply from house the service-pipe. When required the jet can be worked with both gases taken
from cylinders just as an ordinary mixed jet.

All further particulars from—

The MANCHESTER OXYGEN (eaten) Co., Ltd., Gt. Marlborough St., MANCHESTER,

XXiv,

Wholesale Agents—JO SEPH LEVI
TO SAVE PROFANITY AND PREVENT INSANITY

Use TyLar’s pliable Lantern Slide Binding Strips, paper, 100 in tin 1s.; linen, 50 in a
They stick at once and stick fast.
THE PLEASURES OF A FIRST PIPE, Illustrated by 3 Slides from Life, 28. 68., post free
THE LIFE OF A MONK. 3 Slides from Life, 28. 6d, post free 28. 9d. These Slides fetch down
house wherever shown.

17/G TYLAR'S LANTERN SLIDE REDUCING CAMERA,
: well made in Manogeny eer toroug ily etertt Ns for 4 plates 08 : BA
der, 32s. 6d.; tes and under, 468. ; to an ; 8 :
ee! i Biate : FIXED FOCUS REDUCING CAMERAG from 12s. each.

vO RVOROCEN
TAP OF JET

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

DAVENPORT’S PATENT “CURTAIN” SLIDE CARRIERS.

A New Departure and Real

aT Ae:

box 1s., post free 2d. extra.

the

with

The PENDANT SATURATOR.

I

Lens complete.

mprovement in Lantern Carriers.

+& SUITABLE FOR ANY LANTERN. 3-

The remarkable success already achieved by this Carrier,

and the unanimous approval it has met with from all Lan-

ternists, is the most convincing proof of its merits as a
practical piece of Lantern Apparatus.

To be obtained from all Dealers in
Lantern Apparatus.

Co., 40, Furnival St., Holborn, London, E.C.

12/6

e. Od.

under

The HALL-EDWARDS Slide Binder, 58. 6d., post free 5s. 9d.

TYLAR'S LANTERNESCOPES as illustrated, single 128. @d., double 17s. Gd. each. Full Catalogue, over
30

O wood cvts, post free 4d.

Tit Bit Guide to Photographer, special List of Lantern Appliances, post free 1d.

AoW. TYLAR, 41, High St., ASTON, BIRMINGHAM,

OR OF ALL DEALERS OF REPUTE.

ABSOLUTE SAFETY.

“To OxvoaR
TaPor sev

TO ORYsER
Mimiee@) CYLINDES

Tryp OVER FLOW
Oy rue

Capacity equal
to 20 cubic feet
of Hydrogen.

No trouble from
fluld In tubes.

Perfect steadiness. No

readjustment of tap

required after starting.
Great brilliancy.

Price 35s.

Write for Prospectus,
and order from your
lantern outfitter.

Wholesale only of

J. 8. WILLWAY & gong

DRAWBRIDGE, BRISTOL.

BEAUTIFUL AND ARTISTIC

Lantern Slides

ARE PUBLISHED BY

GRAYSTONE BIRD,
Photographer, BATH.

WHAT THEY SAY :—
“The Lynmouth Set are a most beautiful collection.
Slides I do not think I have ever seen.”
W. B. CASSINGHAM, Tunbridge Wells.
“The Studies of Children, from lite, are without exception the
finest in existence:.". H. P. CHANDLER, Farringdon-rd., E.C.
“Your Snow Soenes are lovely.”

LISTS FREE.

Magic Lanterns & Slides! Great Bargains !

New and Second-hand Lanterns and Slides.
Book with instructions, post free, six stamps.
Largest stock of Slides in the world, can be had
on hire or purchase, very low terms. Second-
hand lists and catalogue ready Sep. 20, post free.

WALTER TYLER,
48 & 50,

Waterloo Road, London.
Alao 94, WATERLOO ROAD.

NON-MAGNETIC WATCHES.

Everyone purchasing a watch should get a Non-Mag. (more
particularly Electricians and Marine Engineers); they go better than
any other because they are not affected by external disturbance, the
ee are all interchangeable, therefore, repairs can be done atone-

alf usual cost, they are all Guarenteed for Five Years. Finest
Silver, sag Dar Crystal, Lever Watch, 60s.; Finest Silver, Keyless,
Superior Finish and Comp. Balance, 708. A variet of cheaper
Non-Mags. in Steel and articulars on
application to be bad only from DAVID L. PAUL, Watchmaker and
Sclentific Instrument Maker, 24, Main Street, Renton.

Better

F. MASON GOOD,
Winchfeld, Hants.

ickel (embossed) cases.

pipe with an oil-can or blow-pipe nipple, this
detestable form of jet nearly always hisses most
vilely. Although not by any means free from
faults, Fig. II. is of a more workmanlike con-
struction, but the serious drawback to this is
the backward prolongation within the lumen of
the exit tube. The best forms of jet are shown
at Figs. IfI.,1V., V. In the first and latter it
will be noticed that the nipple is turned to a
nicety, in order to receive the screw-tapped
supply pipe there are absolutely no sharp edges,
and the interior of the nipple gradually dimin-
ished until within 4 of an inch of theapex. This
portion is of a uniform diameter of about #4; of
an inch, as indeed any other calibre that might
be found suitable for this particular form of
work. However good the performance of these

jets, I consider Fig. V. possesses decided advan-
tages,the peculiar S-shape jet of the shape shown
ensures perfect mixture of ether, vapour and
oxygen. Asa rule the nipple and tube are cast
solid, then turned hollow and filled with melted
lead and carefully bent to the required form. A
few moments heating will suffice to melt the lead
out again. Should these jets, however, get burnt
owing to the peculiarity of their construction,
they are somewhat difficult to replace. Fig. IV.,
known as the inverted funnel form, is another
solid cast one, and bent to shape, but does
not equal Fig. V. You will notice in this
latter sketch I give best part of the jet, pin,
tray, etc., which I should like to say a few
words about, having found this one of the most
useful all-round appliances. The main feature is,
after having been approximately fixed in, it can
be positioned and accurately centred from the
outside without employing costly means to that
end, The jet is a well made one in svery way,
and is made to fit the ordinary trays of lanterns

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

215

usually supplied by the trade, is fixed in position
by a thumb-screw (A), which secures the main
tube to the upright of the tray (B), the two gas
tubes running on each side of this form the main
frame of the jet, and upon these the lime-holder
slides (c); this is pushed to and fro by a rod (p),
which is carried through to the back, and when
at its right distance from the nipple of the jet
is secured by a milled clamping-screw (E); the
rod before mentioned terminates with a crown
wheel, which gears with another crown wheel at
the foot of the lime carrying pin. This pin has
a square foot working within the crown wheel
and is turned by it upon its revolution. The
central portion of the lime pin having a worm
upon it is thus lowered or raised as occasion
requires, the same action also turning the lime
when necessary. The tube by which the jet
is fastened to the tray is hinged to the back of
the frame in both directions, and whilst one
milled-headed (F) rod projecting from the back
of the lantern serves to tilt it slightly in vertical
direction, another (c) swings the jet from right to
left, so that with the exception of clamping the
lime-holder (c) in position, all movements can
be made from the outside of the lantern. A few
more words on the taps that are used ; they are
the ordinary taps that shut off from left to right
respectively, but they have a screw down plug
in the centre of each, whereby the proper
quantities of oxygen and hydrogen can be more
accurately adjusted in a most minute manner—
they themselves are a preventative against
hissing; and getting the most intense light
with the minimum of gas, the sgrew-valve being
turned down, the lever-tap can be turned on full,
and with one or two turns of the valve one has
most perfect control under whatever pressure.
I can recommend these to all lantern friends
who are troubled with hissing and roaring of
their jets.

—_—.0o—_—

Lantern Novelties of 1895.

By Tom A. WHITEHEAD.

Ir is a bold and presumptuous assertion to say
that the lantern is the backbone and sinew
of three-fourths of the lectures given in this
country; this country! exclaims the reader.
Well, friend, let us say Europe, or if that is not
satisfying, then alter the reading to any
civilised land. The proportion is a big one,
you say; that’s granted, but not at all wide of
the mark.

216

Take a peep into the past for a moment, not
to the records of the Babylonian Tombstones,
nor even to the times of Chaucer, or Shakespeare
and Bacon; nor even to the first Napoleon,
but just to your, or my recollection, say a
quarter of a century ago. Twenty-five years
is not long, though long enough for a contrast.
The days when that splendid fellow, George
Dawson, would walk upon the platform buttoned
to the throat in that inevitable black velvet
waistcoat of his, laying his notes (which were
sufficiently bulky as to have gone into any
ordinary pill box) on the table, and without
more ado going straight for his subject, in a way
that perhaps no other lecturer so well under-
stood, no matter whether it was the charms
of Good Queen Bess, or the fair Ophelia, or
the good and bad traits in the character of
Oliver Cromwell, he treated them all the same.
The subdued and sympathetic voice, the fire
and declamation, those flashes of rhetoric all in
their proper places, they used to rivet the
attention and hold the hearer spellbound.

Again, we were more than amused at the off-

hand entry of Henry Vincent ; his overcoat and
slouched hat were thrown on a chair if there
happened to be. one vacant, and if not one
corner of the platform was good enough. Both
hands would go through his hair, but only once,
and his toilet or make-up was begun and com-
pleted in the very face of his audience, and then
would begin an oration, lasting some hour and
a half, or an hour and three-quarters, such as
only Henry Vincent was capable of. His great
mastery of the inflections, and wonderful
dramatic force seemed invincible. No wonder
then that crowds would flock to hear such men
wherever their names appeared.
_ To day things are different. There are few
Dawsons, Vincents, or Max O’Rells among us,
but that there are some, nobody can repudiate
or deny. Things have changed we've said; 80
much so that we maintain that if a public be
asked to support a lecture, no matter what the
subject may be, ‘‘The Wonders of the Telescope,’
“The Panorama of the Riviera,” ‘‘The Deep Sea
Fisheries,” ‘ Paris, yesterday, to-day and to-
morrow, “ Huropean Chateaus,” or ‘‘ Through
the Suez Canal in a Canoe,” or such like, they
would be more than disappointed at not finding
the lantern screen in its wonted position, and
be much inclined to walk out. |

The lantern is the mainstay of the lecture I
repeat, and cannot think that such a query is

any longer debatable, the more so, since the

chief organs of the world’s press tell us so every
morning. | |
Very well then, we accept that. What then ?

The Optical Magio Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

Why, as a body of lecturers it behoves us to
keep open the eyes, the ears, the intellect
generally, in watching the advancement of the
means at our disposal for demonstrating the
subject matter.

Prejudice against anything new always
existed, and always will exist, but it is grati-
fying to think that in lantern circles, such
prejudice only applies to the rawest of recruits.
‘“‘Oh, oh!” someone calls out. ‘‘ How about
the saturator up to even Scott’s time ?”’

‘Draw it mild!” cries a second. ‘ How
about the gas bottle; was there an absence of
prejudice in accepting that ?”

‘‘ Whoa back! ’’ says number three. ‘‘ Who
do you think is going to generate acetylene gas
for their own consumption, with its mess, its
filthy fumes and its many uncertainties?”

Gentlemen, please, one at the time (ladies,
excuse your being left out of the argument) ;
while we're perfectly willing to tighten the
reins, we wait with whip in hand to continue
the race, and repeat that the amateur is the
biasing party. His knowledge as a rule won't
allow him to fathom into any new groove, he
likes it cut, dried and highly finished.

Five years ago there were those who used
Scott's saturator, and thought much of it; on the
other hand there were those who said, ‘‘ take it
away, take it away, I'll have none of it,’’ and
hundreds of the latter in this year of 1895 would

/ not budge an inch without a Gridiron, Lawson,

Timberlake, Optimus, Pendant, Houldershaw,
or other perfected apparatus of the kind.

Years, ago too, many readers will remember
the fear and trembling that attended the
adoption of the gas cylinder, as it replaced
slowly but surely the rubber bag. The con-
venience and safety of the former over the
latter is the most convincing proof of its value.
Who among us is there that would care to return
to the gas bag ?

This year we are introduced to the new
acetylene gas. This, by the way, isin its very
infancy, as many technical points have yet to
be threshed out ere its usefulness can become
prominent. Before another season, however,
we may expect blossom from this new branch
of the scientific tree. The writer has much faith
in it, in spite of his having had his head nearly
blown off the other night, when in conjunction
with our able editor, Mr. J. Hay Taylor, we were
experimenting with it in the garden of his
home in the Hornsey district. This is entre
nous.

The incandescent gas-light which has been
added to the lantern illuminants is welcomed by
not a few. Both clean and simple, and well

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. =v.
ST O C K S 9 Patent Lamp for Optical
Magic Lanterns
109 sTANDARD CANDLE-POWER.

STANDARD CANDLE-POWER.
‘AAMOd-ATIGNVD GAVGNVLS

PRICE, 28/-
COPY OF CERTIFICATE OF TEST.

“This ig to certify that 1 have this day tested one of Stocks’ Patent Oil Lamps for Optical Lanterns, and
find that the light given by it is equal to 1O9 Standard Candle-power; also that the multiple flame is very
compact, and when used in a Lantern, a very evenly-illuminated disc of great brilliancy and purity is produced, far
exceeding that of the ordinary 4-wick lamps.

'’ October 10th, 1894. . (Signed) W. J. COLES, A.M.I.C.E.”

These Patent Stocks’ Lamps, of LOS Candle-power, can be purchased from all Deal:rs
PRICE 28s. each. |

NEW PORTABLE COLLAPSIBLE SKELETON SINGLE LIMELIGHT LANTERN (Patent).

S
s a 0 =
wd
: ~a
Sea —
N —
= ~~ & SE
SS a eS
i ~— a>
=f oS
oSQ sate o 3 pa)
D> bol ° Q.
s i =
= fy i g S
Size 64 x 62 x 7 inches, Price complete, with three different foci, front lenses, and best oxy-

hydrogen mixed gas jet, 29 9s. Od. Can be purchased from all dealers,

XXVi. The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

RILEY BROTHERS,

55 and 57, GODWIN STREET, BRADFORD, ENGLAND,
and 16, BEEKMAN STREET, NEW YORK, U.S.A.

Having Branches in Boston, Chicago, Chattanooga, Kansas City, Portland and San Francisco, we
are prepared to prove that we are

THE LARGEST LANTERN OUTFITTERS IN THE WORLD,

and being extensive Makers and Exporters can command the best terms, and are therefore able to

SUPPLY OUR CUSTOMERS WITH THE BEST GOODS

at prices (when value is considered) much below ordinary dealers.

Woracsranrix Our “PRABSTANTIA” Lantern at £4 4s.

range (fitted for Oil) is acknowledged by hundreds to be the BEST,

a BRIGHTEST and CHEAPEST LANTERN in the WORLD.
BIW) Or 1f fitted for OIL and LIMELIGHT £4 15s.

Fitted with LAWSON SATURATOR £5 10s.

_ We have sold more of this Lantern than can be proved of any other Lantern in
F the world,and have thousands of testimonials to its worth from every pees the globe

OUR “MONARCH” ETHOPTICON BI-UNIAL £22

FITTED WITH THE LAWSON PATENT SATURATOR IS A MODEL OF
SIMPLICITY IN WORKING. ABSOLUTELY SAFE,

GREAT IMPROVEMENT THIS SEASON. BEST AND
BRIGHTEST IN EXISTENCE.

This Lantern fitted with best H.P. Jets #22 108.
Other cheaper Lanterns can be offered. These are the best :

AWARDED PRIZE MEDAL AND DIPLOMA, *
CHICAGO EXHIBITION, 1893.

Simple! Safe! Economical |
Powerful! Cheap! .

British Patent, Nos. 20,628 and 17,816. American Patent
No. 478,135.

#\ More than ONS THOUSAND of
m these Saturators are now in use
“4 Never an accident been reported

FOR SINGLE LANTERNS. Price 50s. FOR BI-UNIAL LANTERNS. Price SOs.

Great improvements introduced this season. They are so simple a child oan work them. So safe that an accident ~

cannot be conceived with them. So powerful that customers are astonished with them. Ohbeapest form of Limelight

in existence, and most efficient; only one Cylinder required (oxygen). Lanterns and outfits sold on our monthly
payment system. We have the Largest Slide Hiring Department in the world and the most efficient.

60 Slides Loaned for 8s. Send for cargo a a and Supplement (pr (preparing) 6a. Operator's and Buyer's
des eac re

RILEY BROTHERS, **,* $7: Sopwe™ suaane, snaorens, zwozawn,

The Optical Magic Lantern J ournal and Photographic Enlarger.

suited for discs of small diameter. For home
purposes its convenience will be found a great
boon, as it can be attached to any burner.

On my desk in front of me as I write lies
a couple of lantern slides, and the complete
specification of a flash lamp, the inventor and
patentee being Henry A. Keys, of Walthamstow.
Mr. Keys claims for his invention a means
whereby the lighting or igniting surface covers
the largest possible area (consistent with the
portability of the lamp, and the usual limited
space of a photographer’s outfit), in order that a
small portion of magnesia powder may be distri-
buted over such area, and so extend the field of
intensified light.

The editor will probably have one of these
lamps for trial in a few days, and if the test
proves as satisfactory as the samples, there can
be no doubt that a large demand will be the
result when placed upon the market. The two
subjects of the slides mentioned above are

difficult ones taken by the flash lamp, viz., Grace :

before meat—this is a family of children seated
at supper—and A conservatory stocked with
flowers.

The lights and shadows in each of these slides
is so well distributed as to raise a doubt upon
the light employed, and I hope at an early date
to congratulate Mr. Keys for having given us a
lamp that will be of value to any lanternist.

(To be continued.)

—__—. Oo:->

On the Development of Lantern
Slides.

By Duncan Moore.

THE time is rapidly approaching when the
OpricaL Macic LANTERN will be taken from its
shelf to become a source of amusement and
instruction to both the younger as well as
those of more mature years. Bad light and
wintry weather will put a stop to the greater
part of outdoor work, and afford enthusiasts
an opportunity for the home occupation in
making lantern slides from his choicest
negatives.

That there is a vast difference in the quality
of lantern slides, no one will deny. Even when
made from excellent’ negatives some will be
much better than others. Asin printing of other
kinds, a good negative can be made to give
either a good or bad result, according to the
intelligence with which the work is performed.

217

As there are prints and prints, so there are
transparencies and transparencies. There is
the flat slide, without a vestige of sparkle or
brilliancy ; poor weak slides, with no light and
shade to speak of; slides that are masses,
black with intense light; slides that look
almost as if made of sand; and the rich, soft,
smooth, brilliant slide that isa pleasure to look
at and elicits applause directly it is thrown on
the screen ; and yet one and all of these may

| have been made from exceedingly good nega-

tives.

It goes without saying, that the best negative
will make the best slide, other things being
equal. Atthe same time, what may be best for
a lantern transparency may not be the best for
ordinary printing. In fact, a rather thin
negative, full of detail, that really will not make
an exceptionally good print on paper, is the kind
calculated to make the very best quality of
lantern slides; it should be thin and full of
detail. The brilliancy is added by judicious
exposure and in the development of the trans-
parency.

Unless the original negative possesses
printable detail, it is useless expecting to get it
on the slide. A dense negative is very unsuit-
able, for even if detail is there it will be lost in
the copying. The kind of developer has a good
deal of influence on the matter. Hydrokinone,
one perhaps of the most generally used, is not
good for this work; the fineness of the
resulting image will be much inferior to one
developed with carbonate of soda and pyro-
gallic acid. Ferrous oxalate is another unsuit-
able developer, although both give excellent
negatives for ordinary printing. Ferrous oxalate,
especially, produces granular coarse positives.

The popularity of quinol or hydrokinone is on
account of its beautifully clear shadows, and
until the slides are shown in the lantern they
appear all they should be. On the screen a
certain harshness becomes at once apparent,
and if followed or preceded by one developed
by a more suitable developer, the fault is
unmistakably evident.

The choice of plates for lantern slides should
be regulated by the fineness of the image they
will produce. Generally, slow plates are prefer-
able to rapid ones, because the bromide of
silicon is in a finer state of division. Most of ©
the specially made lantern plates are very slow,
judging from the standard of dry plates for
other purposes, excepting those for photo.
mechanical use.

Plates that when moistened show a gas flame
seen through them of a yellowish grey are
better than if the light transmitted was of a

218

bluish grey. The yellow and red colours seem
to be closely associated with silver bromide in a
state of fine division, and the blue colour when
it is in acoarseform. It does not much matter
how the original negative has been developed—
the granularity is not transmitted to the copy.
This freedom from it is only so important on
the positive. The image in all cases should
bear examination with a tolerably strong
magnifier without showing grain.

The time of exposure has an important
influence on the colour, and also the fineness of
the image. If the exposure has been too brief,
and the development at all forced, the quality
of the image is very much deteriorated. But
with a fairly long exposure, and a somewhat
restrained development, we get a quality and
richness of result very charming to see. There
are two methods for making transparencies—
one by contact, and the other by the aid of the
camera. By contact, the slide is produced of
the same size as the negative; by the camera
the size of the negative is of no importance.
We can reduce our whole-plate or 12 by 10 to
lantern size with equal facility.

(To be continued).

— :0:——

Patent Intelligence.

The following list, relating to current Patent Applications,
ts compiled expressly for “The Optical Magic Lantern
Journal” by a registered Patent Agent. For Surther infor-
mation apply to The Patent Department, ‘ Optical

Magic Lantern Journal,” 56, Chancery Lane, London,
W.C.

No. REcENT PaTHNT APPLIOATIONS.

19984. 23rd October, 1895. ©. A. Burghardt and G.

Rigg. Improvements in a process for
obtaining oxygen gas.

20539. 31st October, 1895. R. Smith. Improvements
in apparatus for use in binding lantern and
like slides.

14th November, 1895. Improvements in valves

for cylinders employed in compressing air
and other elastic fluids,

21622,

RECENTLY-PRINTED SPEOIFICATIONS.

Copies of the following specifications may be obtaaned by
remitting 1/- for each specification to The Patent Depart-
ment, ‘* Optical Magic Lantern Journal,” 56, Chancery
Lane, London, W.C.
22704 of 1894.

Askew. Optical lantern.
22990 of 1894.

Barber. Photographing,
cycloramic views.
Clarkson and Sparge.

of compressed gases.
Chase. Steropticon panorama.

and exhibiting
918 of 1895.

16070 of 1896.

Regulating flow

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

Editorial Table.

Strwarp’s CaTaLocue.—A new edition has been issued
by Mr. J. H. Steward of 406, Strand. It contains about
130 pages, many of which are devoted to particulars and
illustrations of lanterns, jets and other apparatus
connected with Jantern work. Not only does it include
lanterns for ordinary projection, but also styles for
scientific and other experiments. A strong feature is
the adaptation of the Davenport electric lamp in
connection with lanterns, both for picture projection and
also for stage illumination. Copious lists of slides are
also contained in this catalogue.

THE LANTERN, AND How To Use It.—By C. Goodwin
Norton, London: Hazell, Watson & Viney, Ltd. This 1s.
book of the Amateur Photographer's Library, No. 10,
contains much that is of interest to lanternists in
connection with lamps, gas, cylinders, regulators, and
the general manipulation of lanterns. Each subject is
dealt with in an interesting and exhaustive manner.

Optimus CaTALoaue.—The new catalogue issued by
Messrs. Perkin, Son & Rayment, of 99, Hatton Garden,
is & very comprehensive one, as it contains particulars
of their lenses, cameras, dark room and flash lamps, and
also of their well-known enlarging lanterns. With
regard to their lanterns for projection, they have every-
thing to suit the wants of the most fastidious. Then
jets, screens, reading lamos, and connections come in for
a share, whilst opera glasses and telescopes have due
attention. Taken altogether the catalogue is a most
complete one.

TaontT's READINGS FOR THE LANTHRN.—Some excellent
humorous stories in verse, well suited for juveniles, have
been published by Mr. Taunt of Broad Street, Oxford.
They consist of ‘‘ Hookbeak, the Raven,” ‘ Misadven-
tures at Margit,” ‘‘Oxford Bullingdon Guards,” ‘A
Capital Snip for an Ocean Trip.” and “ The Serenader's
Symphony.”

ANnImMa4Ls You Know is the title of an interesting
reading, descriptive of 83 slides, by Mr. C. Reid, of
Winshaw, N.B. It is written in an instructive atyle.

Messrs. Wrst & Son, of Southsea, have sent us some
fine slides of the race at New York between the Valkyrie
and Defender. As announced in a previous issue, we
stated that Mr. A. West had taken a trip to the States
for the special purpose of taking negatives, every con-
venience for the same havinz been placed at his dis-
posal. The alides include Valkyrie, the two yachts
thirty seconds before the foul, and also five seconds
after it, excursion steamers, and escorting the Defender
after winning the cup. The subjects are very interest-
ing, and the pictures themeelves all that could be
desired,

INTERNATIONAL ANNUAL OF ANTHONY'S PHOTOGRAPHIC
BuLLeTIN.—The sole agents in England for this annual
are Messrs. Percy Lund & Co., Ltd., of Bradford, and
Memorial Hall, London. This welcome annual, which
has now reached vol. viii, contains, as usual, good
and practical articles, besides a host of other
information, which forms excellent reading. The
illustrations are fine, and are well printed. Doubtless
it was @ slip of the pen on the part of Mr. F. J.
Harrison, the editor, that caused the ‘ Lanternist’s
Reference Table,” which he extracted from our columns,
to he inserted on page 347 without acknowledgement,
but as he will of course read this, he will see that i+
does not occur again, as we know that he would not
knowingly have done so.

PuoToagRamMs oF 1895.—This volume is a pictorial
and photographic record of the best photographic

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. XXVii.

BENETFINK & Co.

THE GREAT CITY DEPOT FOR

MAGIC LANTERNS,

ALSO FOR
Enlarging Lanterns and Cameras.

Lantern Slides in great variety, Life Model Subjects, plain and coloured,

chromo lithographic, 3a. 9d. per set of 12 slides, 3} in. equare, complete in

box with Reading, 100 different subjects. Large stock kept of Rackwork
and Slipping Slides. Lantern Catalogue with hundreds of illustrations.

POST FREE ON APPLICATION.

"FOR DARK ROOM.
“MOONLIGHT”

VAPOUR "oxwe

CHEAP O OIL! (PATENT), Made in aes Types:
CLEAN ONO DIRT !! Hand Feeding.
SAFE NO SMELL!!! Belt Striking & Hand
INSTANTANEQUS LIGHTING! LAST& FOR EyER!! Feedin ng.
Used always by all photographers who have 7 ‘Ww The “ Dot." The only auto-
seen it, also used for railway travelling, wock- 9 [ff matic Arc Lamp in the

IMPORTANT 2 a LIME LIGHT USERS |
BORLAND'S PATENT SCISSORS ARC LAMPS

For DIRECT and ALTERNATING Currents.

shops, household purposes, &c. \ |

Price in Brass, 1;3, Nickei Plated, 1/9; from 4
Photographic Dealers ; or from Manufacturers, ‘wail
post free, at 8d. extra. YF

Other Patterns. —Boudoir, Taper,Cycle Lamps, @ §
&c. Illustrated catalogues, free to readers of |
the Mactc Lantern, from §.J. LEVI & 00.,¥
ie a rneson Road, L. ondcn, Wholesale Agents _ aad Photographing.

=y h | | i Prices, Particulars, and Testimonials free on application to
THE MOONLIGHT PATENT LAMP _ COMPANY, —he F. J. BORLAND, Sheepscar Grove, LEEDS.

J. H. STEWARDS OPTICAL LANTERNS

With ELECTRIC LIGHT, LIMELIGHT, or OJL LAMPS

OF BEST CONSTRUCTION.
ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES GRATIS, Post Free.

market which fits all ordi-
nary Optical Lanterns on
the lime-light tray, without
any alterations

Invaluable for Theatrical
Purposes, Lantern Proyjec-
tions, Enlarging, Printing,

STEWARD'S IMPROVED “CUT OFF,”
Steward’ S New Electric iealten £18 IOs. With Fine Adjustment Valves for Regulating

Gas toa mice #1lil

DAVENPORT’S Patent ARG LAMP, £4 4s. BI-UNIAL AND TRIPLE LANTERNS

If with all Mechanical Adjustments, £5 10s. With Latest Improvements.

These fit into ORDINARY LANTERNS in place of the OIL LAMP, OIL LANTERNS 3-WICK LAMPS
and can be used on either Direct or Alternating Currents. : , ,
First Silver Medal awarded at Royal Cornwall Polytechnic = ner CONDENSERS, ete,
Exhibition, 1895. mu £31 1Os.
406, STRAND; 457, WEST STRAND; 7, GRACECHURCH ST., LONDON.

XXViii.
MORLEY & COOPER,

70, UPPER STREET, LONDON, N.
LANTERNS, SLIDES ano att ACCESSORIES, LECTURER’S LANTERNS From 24s,
A large stock of New and Second-hand Cameras, Lenses,
and Photographic Sundries on Sale or Exchange.
ESTABLISHED 1843.

WHEELER'S PHOTOGRAPHIC HELPS.

Anti-Halation Paper.—Reliable and quickly applied. Manounium Photo Mounts.
pure Register and Tables, $th ed. is. Dark Slide Labels.—6d. Book.
Gelatino-Chloride yo Paper.—3 kinds. Photographic Print Cases,
Recording Regative Envelo tlie fa Blotting Books.
Printing Register for Developed Pictures. Modern Photographic Labels.
“Photo Enlargements, How to make."—3rd ed, 18. Negative Preservative Paper.
Interchangeable Photo Albums.—Varions. Celluloid Film Storage Cases,
Protecting Maske for Undeveloped Plates, for Tourists. Ready-marked Lantern Masks.
—Peorfect Safety. Send for Price List—Free.

THE DEALERS, or Geo. Wheeler & Co., 46, King St. W., Manchester.

68, —Reliable,

UNIVERSAL DISSOLVING CARRIER

atent).

On withdrawal of front slide, springs adjust the back one in focus.
Used horizontally, it takea Unframed or Framed Slides. Delivers at one side. Can be
Price 4s. 6d. Of all Opticians, or of the Manufacturers,

J. OTTWAY & SON, 178, St. John Street Road, E.C.
Prospectus Free by Post.

used vertically in open stages.

A. HENRY & Co.,

32, Maidstone Street,
HACKNEY ROAD, N.E.

Wholesale Manufacturers of Postal Boxes and
Wood Boxes for post and rail.
Strona and well-made. Cheap in price.

SANDS, HUNTER & Co.
Photographic Apparatus and Lanterns,

NEW AND SECOND HAND, BY ALL THE BEST MAKERS.
Lanterns and Operator let out forevening enter-
tainments for children, &c. Terms Moderate.

20. Oranbourne St., Leicester Square, London, W.C.
ALERED H. SAUNDERS,
“The Studio,” 86, Heath Street, BIRMINGHAM.

LANTERN SLIDE MAKER. (Wet Collodion Process only.)
Slides to illustrate Sclence and other Lectures made from
Customers' own Negatives or Diagrams.

ARTISTIC COLOURING A SPECIALITY.

Slides made from 9:- per doz.; Coloured, from 6/- per
doz.: according to Style and Quantity.

The LAQTEaT NOVWEUTY.

LANTERN POCKET STEREOSCOPE.

Size 1} inches each way. Weight, 1 ounce. By the use
EM of this instrument, Stereoscopic Views thrown by the

‘ened. Lantern on the Screen are seen in perfect Stereoscopic
Relief. It is also useful tor the examination of ordinary
Srearo capt) Stereoscopic Views, the Views on the Screen of Stereo-
copic Cameras, etc. Price, in box complete with full instructions, 1!6
Post Free -THEODORE BROWN, Manufacturer and Patentee
of Novelties. The Stereoscopic Supply Stores, Portland
House, SA CIS BURY.

SCREENS & STANDS.

PORTABLE FOLDING LANTERN SOREEN
STAND, with Seamless Sheet ; complete in Travelling
Oase; 8ft.,21s.; 9 ft., 25s. Dozens already sold.

The Trade SGupplied.

O’HANDLEN & Co.,
48, Wictoria Street, ‘BRISTOL.

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

PITH

of Matters Photographie, only to be found in

“‘The Practical Photographer,” 2d. Monthly.
Marvellously Illustrated.

PERCY LUND & CO., Memorial Hall, E.C.

Dissolving View Magic Lanterns and Slides
Photographic Apparatus, Scientific Instrumenta and every
description of miscellaneous property.

oo rae C. pies baaeig apoounes that he holds Sales of the
ve, every Friday, at half-past twelve precisely, at his great
Rooms, 88, King Street, Covent Garden, London. se

Gentlemen wishing to include property in these Sales are requested to
send particulars one week prior to sale,

CHRISTIE,

129, WEST STREET, SHEFFIELD,
GIVES THE BEST VALUE IN SCREEN STANDS
AND SCREENS.

Eight different styles to select from. Good @ ft. Stan
16s. 6d.; Ever-ready Slide Boxes: National Reading
Lamps; Brass Fittings for Lanterns and Stands.

COMPLETE PRICE LIST FREE. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL

FOR LIMELIGHT EFFECTS

THE DALTON COLD LACQUERS have only to be poured on a
clear piece of glass. They dry at once. Can be had in all shades.
Transparent. Requires no beat. Used also for Metals.

Oan be had in 1s, bottles, pints, quarts, balf-gallo d gal
Black Lacquer is adiniratle fot appl ipg Cas i Perro
Trade Terms on Application.

INVENTORS AND SOLE MANUFACTURERS—

THE DALTON MANUFACTURING CO.,
12, Norfolk Street, Ardwick, Manchester.

G. W. WILSON & Co., Ltd.

2, St. Swithin Street, Aberdeen.

Makers of the Highest Class of
Lantern Slides.

LIST OF NEW SETS SENT, POST FREE
ON DEMAND.

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

works of the year, and it certainly is all that is
claimed for it. The reproduction of the photographs
—beg pardon, in this instance we should have said
photograms—is carried out in an excellent manner,
whilst the printing of same is quite a work of art.
The literary matter is good and easy reading, the
paper on which it is printed is of high class, and
when one learns that all this can be procured in paper
covers for 1s., or cloth for 2s., they will doubtless be
anxious to at once send the necessary remittance to
the publishers, Dawbarn & Ward, Ltd., of Farringdon-
avenue, F.C.

TyLaR'S SPECIALITIES.—Mr. Tylar, of Birmingham,
has sent us a bottle of his silver ink, which is useful
for putting titles on dark mounts or photographic
prints; also a fine celluloid negative of a border for
use when making photographic prints as Christmas
souvenirs. Also a supply of what he terms profanity
preventers, these consist of strong binders for lantern
slides, about the adhesive qualities of which there is
no doubt.

SLIDE ExcuanGcEe.—Mr. J. Boyle, jun., 263, Preston
New Road, Blackburn, has sent us a set of rules per-
taining to a Lantern Slide Exchange Club, of which he
is the Hon. Sec. The annual subscription is 23. 6d.,
entrance fee 1s., and the total membership is to be
thirty. There are, we learn, a few vacancies at present.

20:

Correspondence.

SQUARE LIMES.
To the Editor.

DgaR S1k,—Mr. Scrimgeour, in your November issue,
is Wanting & square lime to avoid the flame of the jet
curling round the lime, Why should he wait for a square
lime? Tom's groove disc limes will meet his require-
ments. We have been using them for some time in all
kinds of halls, large or small, and even at so difficult 4
place as Highbury Quadrant, where we used them for
the Literary Society’s lectures, we have found them work
well, and they cannot drop even if they ara cracked all
over. In fact, we have never had to change a lime
during an exhibition.

We are, yours faithfully,
HENRY W. NETTLESHIP anp HAROLD ROSE,

Authors of ‘ Prison Life,’ ‘ Oliver Cromwell,’’ etc.
November, 18th, 1895.

———

OIL LIGHTS.
To the Editor.

Srg,—As you are interested in common with a great
majority of your readers on the subject of oil lighting for
magic lanterns, would you please explain the following.
I see by your columns that the most powerful tested
oil lamp is 109 candle-power. The enclosed cutting I
have just received from America says that the Millar
patent lamp gives 300 candle-power. { will suppose for
argument’s sake that we discount that one-third ; we still
have 200 candle-power—over double the power of any
that we read about. Why, Sir, cannot a patent such as
the above be used in magic lanterns? Granted that you
would require to have a larger lantern body and tank,
thie could be got over by a little extra cost. This would
be as nothing compared to the great benefit conferred on
those who use oil in places where it is impossible to get
the limelight. I cannot help the thought, Sir, that oil

219

lamps have not kept pace with the lanterns, and that as
different lamps constructed on the central draft principal
could be invented that would give far more satisfactory
results. This subject is of very grave importance to
many professionals and amateurs in New Zealand, and
judging from the great number of oil lanterns that are
annually made in England, would be of great importance
to many at home.

Personally, I am prepared to pay handsomely for any
oil lamp that will give over 200 tested candle-power. I
would ask, Sir, for your powerful assistance in this
important subject, and I hope those who have had a life-
long experience ia lantern making and lighting will give
us in your columns the benefit of their experience,

I remain, yours, etc.,
W.H. MATHIESON.
Invercargill, New Zealand.

LANTERN CLUB AT FOREST GATE.

To the Editor.

Dear Srr,—Being desirous of forming a kind of
Lantern Club in this neighbourhood, for the purpose of
giving lantern exhibitions for the benefit of charitable
institutions, etc., I should be glad to hear from any of your
readers who may approve of same, and would be willing to
join with me in forming such a club.

Yours truly,
S. L. WILTON.
Longmoor Villa,
158, Romford Road,
Forest Gate, E.

SELF-LIGHTING JETS.
To the Editor.

Dear Srr,—In the November number "' A Lanternist "
describes the method of making a self-lighting gas jet.
I should like to ask whether the jet referred to is not the
same as Duke’s patent eelf-lighting gas burner, which is
now being sold by the Duke Patents Company, of which
I enclose a prospectus. The drawing given on page
177 of your Journal is precisely like the burner of
which I have several in use in my house. If the burners
are identical, while I suppose it would be legal for a
person to make one for his own u3e, he might get into
serious trouble if he sold one, I should like, therefore, to
put your readers on their guard. My own experience of
the burner is not altogether satisfactory, its efficiency
depends almost entirely on the small piece of platinum
wire being in its exact place. I have found it very liable
to get bent or shifted, and then it does not get sufficiently
hot to light the gas.

And now, Mr. Editor, I am sorry to find from two
paragraphs in your ‘‘ Notes and Queries ”’ that the Lan-
tern Society has incurred your displeasure, and I am the
more concerned because I cannot promise amendment in
the matter with which you find fault. One. of the objects
of the Lantern Society is to bring before its members
any improvements in the manufacture of lanterns and
apparatus and the Council considered it would be a
suitable way to open the new session with such an
exhibition. They therefore invited the principal makers
to send anything new they might have to bring forward.
No doubt it would be to the advantage of all lantern
makers if they became members of the Society, but the
Council are not so illiberal as to exclude non-members
from exhibiting. Indeed, Mr. Editor, unless my memory
plays me very false, a good deal of the apparatus you
have been kind enough to show us at various times has
not been made by members. I may add that we have
received expressions of appreciation from many of the

| members who were present on October 14th, and I

220

suppose these must be act egainst the dissatisfaction of
thore who have complained to you, who, by the way, you
very rightly advise to express their views either to the hon.
seo., or at one of the meetings, for the Council always
welcomes suggestions from any of its members.
Yours faithfully,
J.J. VEZEY.

Ohairman, Lantern Society.

"188, Lewisham High-road, S.E.
November 9th, 1895.

[We are always glad to see improvements in the
Rociety, but at the same time we give conscientious
answers to correspondents—hence the replies in ‘‘ Notes
and Queries.” e have sent your enclosure to the
wut of the article, and received the following reply.—

D.) |
To the Editor.

ewe.

(In answer to Mr, J. J. VEZEy )

Drar Sir,—The burners referred to are identical with
Duke's Patent. Whilst saying how they are made, the
burners sold by myself are Duke's, and I believe anyone
can make sed patented article for their own use. No
serious trouble can come to the seller of the original
article.

As to my correspondent’s experience with same, I
must agree that Duke’s are not yet perfect, the
platinum wire being too fine. With a slightly coarser
wire they are much less liable to shift or bend, as [ have
found from my own experience, being in use con-
tinually for three months at a time without failure.

Now, on this subject, I muat say that the self-lighters
are more efficient if protected from draughts by a globe
or similar covering; otherwise, the action of the gas
passing from the nipple of the burner is liable to be
blown on one side, and the heating of the porous plug
takes so much longer:

Thanking Mr. Vezey for drawiug attention to the
matter,

Believe me, yours respectfully,
A LANTERNISL.

——:0:——

Notes and Queries

H. J. Field.—Write to Mr. E. Baruch Blaker, Boro’
Studio, Worthing.

W. H. Young.—Unless you have great confidence in
the persons to whom youintend showing the apparatus,
we would suggest that you first obtain a provisional
patent.

J. F. Hammond.—1. You can back it as suggested,
it is often done, and the result is a great improvement.
9, We cannot say that any one electric lamp is better
than the others. You will find some excellent ones
advertised in this Journal. 3. Yes, it is quite necessary
to use a condenser with the electric light, the same
optical system prevails as though you had an oil lamp.

Gaa.—We cannot offer any opinion, but we received a
letter a few days ago from a reader saying at that time
he had a 6-feet cylinder containing 74 feet of gas; but
that the compressors are very particular, we

seein
would suggest that hie‘ gauge was not quite what it
should be.

Kingsbury writes :—(1). With a blow-through jet is
more or leas oxygen used than with a mixed jet? (2).
Could a blow-through jet be used with the hydrogen
supplied from a cylinder, instead of from the house

The Optical Magic Lantern J ournal and Photographic Enlarger.

main? (3). Can the ejector jet be used with two
cylinders instead of house gas from the main? dné,—
(i). Blow-through about 44 feet per hour, and mixed
about 5 feet for the same time. (2). Yes, but be sure
and keep it well under control, or you may find that it
will soon be used up. (3). Yes.

A. Freeman.—F rom particulars you supply about the
particular jet becoming clogged up in the manner
mentioned, certain qualities of hydrogen will cause thie,
and if the jet is cleaned out but imperfectly, good gas
when then used will help to form an accumulation. If,
as you say, the gas you nowuse does not make another
jet clog, we should think that there still remained some
of the crust, and it will even then go on forming—there is
nothing for it but to ensure the inside of the jet being
absolutely clean, and great pains should be taken to
ascertain that it is so.

A. W. B. R.— The party evidently sayswhat he does,
as it is a single and not a bi-unial lantern which
he wished to dispose of, and evidently brings all the
arguments to bear, to impress upon you that it is not a
bi-unial but a single lantern you should get. Had hea
bi-unia] instead of a single to dispose of, it is quite
possible that he would argue in the opposite strain.

T. H. Y.—Fasten a cord to each corner and pass
through the pulleys and draw taut. You will find single
cords along the poles better than lacing.

T. W. Grant.—We fail to see what you mean by “the
extra lens,” but if you place a rectangular prism in front
of the lens that is all that is necessary.

Ejecter—Yes you can use it with absolute safety.
There is also an injector jet on the market.

Explosions.—See reply to J. B. Colt & Co., and others.

W. H. Young.—Thanks for photograph.

And. Caird.—We have sent your letter and stamp for
reply to the writer of the article. He will, doubtless,
reply to you.

J. C. White.—1. The numbers of journal you speak of
are 1d. each, postage extra. 2. Writeto Mr. Chadwick,
of Manchester, and he will send you particulars of his
gasometer, &c.

M. Derry.—1. Yes, Wood's jet is both good and safe:
2. From Mr. Brown, of Ossulston Street. See his
advertisement.

E. H. Stephenson.—We are supplied at present thanks.

G. J. Rothwell and others.—Mr. Scott, the writer of the
article died some months ago, and we know of no one
who knows of the ingredients mentioned. The line
about his supplying the varnish should have been taken
out of the article.

G. J. Rothwell.—1. Twist the wire round it. 2. A bath
with a water jacket, then place in say a cup, which float
in the hot water.

J. A. Graham, J. B. Colt & Co. (New York), and others.
—Shortly before going to press we had the opportunity
of seeing the new oxygen producer at work for a few
minutes only, but unless we tried it during a series of
exhibitions to ascertain the effect of the chlorine upon
the thin rubber bellows container, we cannot offer any
definite opinion, but certainly the apparatus produces
gas very quickly ; the gas goes direct from the tubular
retort into the rubber bellows without the intervention
of any wash bottle. For a single lantern a new cartridge
has to be inserted every few minutes, and if the lantern
operator is sufficiently adept he can see to this, but with
a bi-unia) lantern, to ensure things running smoothly,
it would be well to get a boy to push the cartridges in as
required ; this, however, is quickly done and requires no
experience. For a single light for two hours, about 25
cartridges are required, and this quantity the Company
will supply for,about 28.

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger.

xxix.

— The —

SII

@

® week on receipt of
® mittance.

2
¢ TIMBERLAKE |

SATURATORS

T Fit any Lantern. Light
fA... 1 to 500 C.P. Will be
=i}, (J sent on approval for one
re-
No. 3 oan be
* used for any Mixed Jet
and Dissolving if required.

THOMAS TIMBERLAKE, Queen Street. MAIDENHEAD. |
Wholesale Agents—JOSEPH LEVI & CO., 40, Furnival St., London, EC.

No. 3.

£1 15s.

Without Jet.

SLIDE PAINTING COLOURS.

SPECIALLY PREPARED for PAINTING MAGIC LANTERN SLIDES
In Collapsible Tubes and Glass Pots.
Boxes fitted with Varnish Colours, 5s., 10s. 6d., 15s., and 30s. each.
2s., Ss., and 21s. each.
Just Published, ‘‘A Manual on Painting on Glass and How to
Use the Magic Lantern,” 18. each.

Also Manufacturers of the New Ghromo Printed Magic

3/6 per Set of 12 Slides, 3}-in. Square.
Ov

+3 Water ‘%

Lantern Slides.

R
ov Sas;
GMINGH AO

LANTERN SLIDES
From Photographs taken from Life
(By Special Permission)
Showing Treadmill, Crank,
and other modes of Life
and Labour.

Complete Set of |
40 Sildes with

MENTION THIS JOURNAL
WHEN ORDERING.

This most
interesting Set
of Slides and Prints
of Prison and Convict
Life is the First of the kind
‘ever Published.

Full Particulars of

W. H. GROVE,

Artists’ Pbotograpber,
174, BROMPTON ROAD, LONDON, S.W.

N.B.—A Special Lecturer upon the above subject can be arranged for.

Price Lists Post Free, or can be had from any Optician
aa J. BARNARD & SON,
ae MANUFACTURING ARTISTS’ COLOURMEN

(RETAIL, WHOLESALE AND EXPORT), a
19, BERNERS STREET, LONDON, W. sr

er 100 Subjects.

IRELAND IN THE MAGIC LANTERN.

LECTURE SETS.

Dublin to Killarney, 60 slides; North
and West, 50 slides; Antrim Coast and
Country, 80 slides; Lakes of Killarney
and Glengarriffe, 87 slides; also List of
1,200 Slides arranged in Counties.

SLIDES OF IRISH LIFE AND CHARACTER.
WRITE FOR CATALOGUE.

W. LAWRENCE, Photo Publisher,
b, 6 & 7, UPPER SACKVILLE ST., DUBLIN,

LANTERN PROJECTION LENSES,

As used by the LANTERN SOCIETY.
PRICES WITH RACK AND PINION £8. a.

9 inch equivalent focus aperture nearly f/8 .. as -- 410 0
6 inc se aperture fully f/4 si aia
6 inch and 9 inoh lenses both fitting one rack jacket

B % Discount for Cash with Order.
List of Photographic Lenses free.

ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF TELESCOPES AND MICRO-
SCOPES FOR STAMP,

vw. w RAW,
OPTICIAN,

NORTH HILL, HIGHGATE, LONDON, NX.

XR. The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarget.
— emer Mattern vournal and Lhotographi

THE MARVELLOUS

PAMPHENGOS.,

The most Powerful Oil Light in the Market.

\ Over 3,000 Sold.

(HUGHES’ PATENT.)

TESTED, TRIED, PROVED.

Further Improvements, Greater Yolume
Of Light. Cannot be Surpassed.

It has Challenged Com-
parison for over 14.
Years.

as

IT JS PFRFECTION AND SIMPLE TO WORK.
. No Smell. — No Smoke.
a Mili I No Broken Glasses.
©. HUG vill iit HH ny a
nm ‘ : a PRICES OF LAMP,
Pm BBO, £1105, £1 1s,
a

WHY IS THE PAMPHENGOS SUPERIOR TO ALL OTHERS ?—Because it is carefully and scientifically
constructed, and not made commercially and sold under a variety of nom de plumes. Because it is a pure white
light. Because the coniodal glasses resist heat and are proof against fracture. Because, it has no dampers or chimney
lengtheners, or other extraneous gear which are evils to beeschewed. Because lanternists, by experience, are finding
its true value. Because it gives a good 12 to 14 feet disc unparalleled, therefore will largely take the place of lime-
light and thus save the risk and danger of gas explosions.

Do not have any other lantern or lamp than the MARVELLOUS PAMPHENGOS, a really superb,
substantial and effective instrument. Waste not your money on inferior imitations.

HUNDREDS OF TESTIMONIALS. Supplied to Colleges, Institutions, Clergy, and the Gentry. Particulars free.
Prices.—Complete PAMPHENGOS, beautifully constructed, solid brass fronts, with high-class lenses, £6 68.,
£4 4s., and £2 10s. The Universal 4-wick lanterns, 4 inch condensers, £1 2s. 6d.

BEFORE PURCHASING be sure to get Mr. HUGHES’ MAGNIFICENTLY ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE
of great Inventions in the art of OPTICAL PROJECTION, a volume to be prized, over 160 Original Illustrations—

not commercia]—showing the Docwra Triple, the Miniature Malden Triple, the Grand Triple, and Bi-unials,
Grand Effects, Novelties, &c., and other makes of Lantern, Price 6d., postage 2d,

W. C. HUGHES, Specialist,

Over 26 Years’ Reputation for Highest Class Work, as supplied to Madame Patti, B. J. Malden, Esq.,
Capt. Chas. Reade, R.N., Royal Polytechnic, and the leading Institutions in the World.)

Brewster House, Mortimer Rd., Kingsland, London, N.

The Optical Magic Lantern Journal and Photographic Enlarger. xxxi.

THE GRAND TRIPLE.

NEW MODEL. | ie . [NTENDING purchasers

should in the first instance

PERFECTION. _ go to Mr. HUGHES, and
ELEGANCS. invest in the Highest Class
ONLY ‘i a Instruments aaa not as

I Z . eae many do, come to

£42 10s. Od. [| Fa him after throwing
Incomparable at the Price. _ os, : ie — — away money on

inferior made cheap
commercial Lan-
terns, &c.

This is folly, for
these are dear often
at avy price.

NOTE.— There can
be seen at. this
Hetablishment the
greatest Hxhibition
of Magnificent
Apparatus ever
manufactured.

Technical, High-
Class, and Cheap.

——_—

The Art Gallery is
a sight alone worth
Seeing. The most
chaste and beautifully
executed Slides and
effects on view, that
eannot be seen any-
where else.

There is also a
Commercial Depart-
ment, where can be
had the Cheapest and
Best Lanterns and
Slides for the money.

Mahogany Brass
Fronted Bi-unials,
£6 10s.
Safety Jets,
8s. 6d.
Mixed Gas Jet,
12s.

Plain Slides,
6d. and ls.

Coloured Slides,

vandly Illustrated Catalegues of over 16°
AZ original Engvavings 6d., postage 3d.

SEE Pamphlets free. from 1s. 6d.

’ 4 ' OVER 25 YEARS’ REPUTATION IN THE

W. C. HUGH ES, Specialist. ART OF OPTICAL PROJECTION.

Brewster House, 82, Mortimer Road, Kingsland, London, N.

=<$—<—<—S———

ELLIOTT & SON’S
BARNET

PLATINO- [ATT BROMIDE

PAPER.

Twelve Pieces, 63 by 43, 1/-. Post Free, 1/2.
ELLIOTT & SON, Barnet, HERTS,

Or from all Dealers.

OPTICAL LANTERNS & SLIDES

OF THE HIGHEST QUALITY ONLY.
New Slides for ied a SH
“EWTOMIAN ” ARC LAMPS FOR LANTERNS. edie tees Rae
Se lf-Feedin g a H. Jobnetcne- Lavis, Proteseor oi Vulcan- a
FOCUS- | mopcuttivation ee _

Sugar Industry . i ie es ‘is se sits 20
KEEPING Allotments Garden Produce - ae 2 ee bie si 40
VERY SIMPLE. History of Old London. 1066—1785 we <4 bs 167
Thoroughly Battles of the British Army. By k. Caton- 1- Wood tle - . _ 88
Effictent, Wood Carving .. 36 a - ws 56
TIE RN Zovlogical Gardens—Animals as ai ” oe ins 104
PA Greece... $i a te as oa “i one = si 60
Persia... a as a re is a oe ‘ia sa 86
Weat Africa ‘a - a ive 32
£3 10s. The Bible: ite Origin, Growth, ond Descent as - oi si 82
» Catalogue A Fiying Bullet. Prof. T. V. Toys: oe aa <a Be as 14

of Old Bibies, M.8.. ‘ = ae ai be aa
Lanterna Briti<h Birds. By G.E. Lodge or oo Svs as asta nn 108
a Bird Notes. By G. E. Lodge as re ve eta oe oe 15
Hlidea, Birds and their Nesta. Photographed from Life by R. B. Lodge .. 48

SOLE MAKERS OF

The Triple Rotating Electric Lantern.

=~. ia = | ‘Now Detailed Illustrated Catalogue of Lanterns and Slides, 6 stamps.

Mica NEWTON & Go., 3, Fleet St., LONDON,

Sole Makers, NEWTON & CoO., _ MANUFACTURE .
Patent Newtonian 4-wick Oil Lamps. Major Holden’s Arc Lamp, Newton's
8, FLEET STREET, LONDON. ‘| Patent Hand Feed Lamp. Newton's Patent ‘‘ Demonstrator’s"’ Lantern.

Patent Adjusting Tray for Jets, Aaekew’s Patent Combination Lantern Box
and Stand. Wright's Lantern Microscope. Wright's rr lal
le

NEW ‘‘UNIVERSAL” HANDFEED ARC LAMP, £4. | (8 wh cults Bi-Ualel. Trail Taylor's Tile Condeneer

Printed and Iubieved by the Pioprictore, |) 4YLOB BRos, 56, Chancery tance, Luuaus, 0 “.

Digitized by the Magic Lantern Society
The Magic Lantern Society

http://www.magiclantern.org.u

Post-production coordinated by

MEDIA
HISTORY

DIGITAL LIBRARY

www.mediahistoryproject.or

Sponsored by the ACLS Digital Extension Grant, “Globalizing
and Enhancing the Media History Digital Library” (2020-2021)